Precise is not a dream wheel hairspring Past and Present (a)
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At the beginning of chaos, there is only darkness and emptiness in the world; the spiral spring that is vital to watchmaking has not yet sprouted. As early as the Renaissance, in order to regulate the clock mechanism more or less the rate, watchmakers are brave, black hair white. At that time, pocket watches are mostly hung around the neck, or wrapped around his waist, rarely in a quiescent state, the oscillator is constantly disturbed, so the accuracy of travel time is not flattered. Pleasure born from the bristles, "thin as hair," the expression is no exaggeration. Before this invention of the elaborate metal element, the shape of the Archimedes spiral mainspring, it was often overlooked that when the balance completes the half-cycle oscillation, it is reset by virtue of the elastic swinging of the bristles. Therefore, the early "Escapement" relied on organic matter to sustain oscillations: it was unpleasantly disturbing because a small change in atmospheric humidity was enough to affect the functioning of the mechanism.
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Revolutionary innovation
This hybrid metal and organic hair mechanism is neither mature nor practical, but has successfully aroused the interest of scientists and scholars in the seventeenth century (historians call the "golden age"). Time itself is meaningless, and history has become overwhelming by the name of great men. Let us remember those of us who are first in search of the operation of the clock: Galileo, Newton, Huygens, Abbot Jean de Hautefeuille, and the British mathematician and physicist Robert Hook, who are all trying to improve their correspondence Clock normative. The prestigious motivation, the longing for the famed history, came to the 1630s when scientists began to look for ways to regulate the clock rate to benefit all portable time-keeping instruments.
This is a daunting challenge, comparable to finding philosophers stone and perpetual motion. Originally, astronomer Galileo discovered the pendulum's isochronism through observation and conceived a (though imperfect) machine based on it. An alternative to the clock came in 1659 when Dutch mathematician and astronomer Christian Huygens suspended the pendulum over the thread and adopted a method of non-rigid connection with the escapement. This poses a thorny issue of how to ensure a precise timing of the clock. In 1660, Pascal (mechanical calculator inventor) presented his solution to the non-standard operation of the balance. Blaise Pascal suggests using a flat hairspring that is more fiber-rich than human hair and connects it to the adjustment balance to prevent the clock from losing balance when it is subjected to a slight impact or abrupt movement. Watchmakers should have taken the idea; however, it was forgotten in the unknown corner.
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Contentious patent
Wide consensus, January 23, 1675, Christian Huygens was identified as the inventor of gossamer. This slim spiral spring changed the rules of the game, the clock accuracy increased by an order of magnitude, but the ownership of the invention is still controversial and triggered the first real debate in the watch industry. Christian Huygens sent an encrypted letter to the secretary of the Royal Society of London briefly explaining the improvement of the hairspring and was officially proclaimed "inventor of the balance spring." This immediately aroused the protests of other scholars and famous watchmakers. Abbot Jean de Hautefeuille (28 years old) claimed that this principle had been conceptualized long before Huygens. And Isaac Thuret, Huygens commissioned him to make the prototype clock with hairspring, offered Colbert a second sample, but this time in his own name. Talented inventor Robert Hook silenced the statement that as early as 1665, he proposed the idea of ​​assembling a clock with a slim spiral spring, with proof drawings.
Undoubtedly, Huygens benefited from Hooke's research, the former borrowed the latter's conclusions to advance his theory. However, it should be pointed out that Huygens, as a famous scientist, also proposed the theory of light fluctuations and invented an element. This element combined with a freestyle escapement (pawl or lever) transforms the clock from mechanical to scientific instruments. In just one year, the clocks that were not equipped with gossips have splintered. Once upon a time, the clocks of the seventeenth century were stagnant and unchanged; as if overnight suddenly they became reliable measuring instruments with an error of only five minutes per day.
gossamer
Date: January 23, 1675
Inventor: Dutch Christian Huygens
Purpose: To make the clock more accurate
Quality: less than 0.05g
Application: balance isochronism oscillating
Results: balance wheel amplitude constant clock accuracy
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