In 1977, the paper was written in the past:

Reading Tip: This candidate has accumulated for 12 years. The paper that can be used to print the test papers is gone... At that time, the paper output in China was not much, and most of them were printed with the "Red Book". Or take the writing of big-character posters and big slogans. The fifth volume of the Selected Works of Mao Zedong was just published six months ago. This was the first major event in China at that time. All the printing houses in the country are printing horsepower "Red Book", which has already printed 28 million copies, which is not enough. But now young people are all eager to ask when they can take the exam. Some people swear by the "Red Book", it is better to take the printed paper to the test paper. This is a good idea, but the party’s lower-level officials are not willing to be the master: it is already a shame to violate the instructions of Chairman Mao’s instructions. It is also a shame to stop the fifth volume of the Selected Works of Mao Zedong to print the examination papers. Is it not a big deal? I had to report the problem and report it to Zhongnanhai at the first-level level. As a result, the Party Central Committee made a decision: to transfer the papers printed in the fifth volume of the Selected Works of Mao Zedong, and go all out to print the high examination papers...

The message to resume the college entrance examination is "information of spring"

One evening, these people accidentally saw a "People's Daily", crumpled, full of dirt, and still covered with countless dirty handprints. In the blank space in the upper right corner of the newspaper, a huge trumpet flower was painted. "When we read this 'spring information' twice," said Long Guowu, "the five-footed men all sobbed so excitedly."

The dirty newspaper published news that the college entrance examination should be resumed nationwide. This means that millions of people living at the bottom of the situation finally have the opportunity to go to college. This alone will make all Chinese feel extra warm this winter.

"I put the announcement of the exam in front of my wife," Cui Chengzhu said. "The wife's hands clasped my neck: 'I hope, I hope.'" On the newspaper in the hand of Long Guowu, the trumpet of the trumpet flower, I don't know who wrote the three words "Appreciation", followed by a big exclamation mark. This person is really unique. He must know that the "resumption of the college entrance examination" is eager for all those he knows and does not know, so he uses this method to spread his so-called "spring information." In fact, there is no other way. At that time, they did not have pagers, no wired and wireless phones, and even enough stamps. However, only the trumpet and the three words are enough, and all the people who got this newspaper passed it out at the fastest speed. A nearly primitive method of transmitting information can produce a strange efficiency, and the reason is obvious: people are the same.

The documents of the Party Central Committee for the resumption of the college entrance examination were issued on October 12, 1977. This document stipulates that the examination adopts a unified national examination paper, and the two subjects are separately prepared according to the liberal arts and sciences. The liberal arts must test politics, language, mathematics, and history. Science will cancel "history" and increase "physical and chemical". These are all expected. The most surprising and exciting thing is that this document extends the age of candidates to 30 years old, with special mention of “pay attention to recruiting two high school graduates in 1966 and 1967”. This means that all high school graduates from the beginning of the "Cultural Revolution" until now can take the test, in fact including all young people from 19 to 30 years old. Of course, the resumption of the college entrance examination is not just a matter for these young people. Just as Guo Fang said 20 years later, this is also "our country has started a new lesson."

The "new lesson" that has ecstaticed millions of young people was brewing in the summer of 1977. After all, this incident has changed from the same week that the National Science Conference, which is called the sorrows and sorrows of millions of old people, is Deng Xiaoping’s "Eight Eighth Speech." On that day, a large number of teachers surrounded Deng Xiaoping. Although they were a forum, they did not have the idea to say something when they entered the door. However, after seeing Deng Xiaoping’s eagerness for eagerness and thirst, these people’s words accumulated in the heart for ten years suddenly burst out, and they could not help but scream. Wang Dazhao of Jilin, Wang Cat of Shanghai, Wu Wenjun of Beijing, Wen Yuankai of Anhui, and physicist Ye Yongzheng and medical scientist Huang Jiaxuan all spoke. Associate Professor of Chemistry Department of Wuhan University has the most comprehensive review. He accused the system that did not require an exam to enter the university, saying that it not only buried no one, but also caused the world to be bad. Those who love science don't come up, but those who don't want to study have occupied a quota. The name of the "workers, peasants and soldiers" is actually the descendants of the new dignitaries who come in through the back door. For example, this year's enrollment has not yet begun, and some people have already sent gifts to the back door. He also borrowed the words of the common people, saying, "In the past seventeen years, I have been relying on university, and now I am relying on power." Even primary school students know that "you don't need to learn culture when you enter college, as long as you have a good father." When it comes to anger, the investigation is complete: "The current enrollment system cannot recruit qualified personnel." He said while looking at Deng Xiaoping's face, and Deng Xiaoping was tempted. In fact, Deng Xiaoping said two months ago that China’s science, technology and education are “completely 20 years behind” in developed countries. The truth of this investigation is really about his heart. He counted the days and asked: "Is it too late to change this year?" This question is indeed terrible. At this time of the year, the admission notice of the school has already been issued, and the new students should be ready to go. However, these teachers are really intolerable in this situation, and they do not care about the beginning of the new school year. Everyone hurriedly said, "If you have time, you have time," "Most late."

"Then change it," Deng Xiaoping said. "Don't engage in mass recommendation."

So everyone applauded and felt that they were involved in a plan to promote the turning point of the entire country. But the applause fell and the puzzle started again. A week later, the Ministry of Education rushed to hold a college admissions meeting. This was a long meeting, first at the Beijing Hotel and later at the Friendship Hotel. It has been open for 44 days and will not end until September 25. The final decision will not be released until 17 days later. This is not a "late", but a lot late. However, no one blames this delay. At that time, most students and their parents couldn’t stand up to the question of going to college through exams. This is not because of the reason that “student burden is too heavy”, just like parents in the 1990s. Complaining like that. At that time, if you complained, the parents all complained that "the burden of learning is too light." However, people have another heavy burden in their hearts. This is Mao Zedong. Mao Zedong said, "The examination is a way to deal with the enemy, killing people and ending." Although he likes to read books and even enjoys sleeping in the pile of books, he opposes letting children read too many books. He said that this "is to destroy talents and destroy young people. I disapprove of it." He also said that "the Ming Dynasty had only two emperors, Ming Taizu and Ming Chengzu, one was illiterate, and one literate was not much. Later, when he arrived in Jiajing, the intellectuals were in power, but they did not. The state would not manage well." In Mao Zedong’s words, Deng Xiaoping listened on the spot, and the ordinary people were familiar with the later criticism of the bourgeois educational line. What's more, Mao Zedong personally pointed out the glorious "72-one road", and asked the young people of knowledge to go to the vast fields of the countryside to accept the "re-education" of the poor middle peasants. When Liaoning youth Zhang Tiesheng dared not to write a word in the exam, and only passed a "white roll" to the examiner, Mao also praised this as a "anti-trend action."

In the winter of 1977, even the dullest young people have clearly realized that they are more yearning for college campuses than the “broad world” of rural areas; compared with the “re-education” of poor and middle-class farmers. They are more eager to see their past teachers. Eleven years ago, in the summer of 1966, they raised the banner of “stopping the revolution”, tore the books, smashed the desks, and rushed the teacher into the cowshed. At that time, how happy they felt! But these years they turned so big, they ran from the big cities they grew up to Heilongjiang, went to Inner Mongolia, ran to Tibet, went to Shanxi, Shaanxi, Yunnan... The history is ups and downs, experiencing the world's bittersweet and sweet, and gradually discovering that the things that were broken by them are exactly what they need. This scene is like that of Long Guowu. When he wrote his name with the trembling hand at the beginning of the high examination volume, he felt "the face of Deng Xiaoping's kindness and encouragement."

Take the printed "Red Book" paper to the test paper

According to the plan, 200,000 students were enrolled in the university this winter. However, the number of applicants is as high as 5.7 million. Only one of the average of 28. 5 people can take one. Six months later, in the summer of 1978, another 5.9 million people applied to the university. By 1979, more than 6.4 million people had signed up. This is not surprising at all. Think about it. The candidates for the 12 years are all here!

However, the government did not expect this in a hurry. The pens and papers in the store were all sold out. When it comes to textbooks and textbooks, no one can find them. People just go around to collect books that have been fortunately left after a decade of catastrophe. As for the kind of exam guidance materials that were popular in the city in the 1990s, people didn't even think about it at that time. When approaching the exam, officials often find that the examination room is not enough, and the invigilator has not yet found it. If there are no exams for many years, who can guarantee that there will be no trouble? Therefore, in many places, the army and the police must be mobilized to guard the examination room. These scenes, called those who participated in the college entrance examination today, are really unimaginable. But there are even more unimaginable things: the paper that can be used to print the test paper is gone. At that time, China's paper production was not much, and most of them were also printed with "Red Book", or used to write big-character posters and big slogans. The fifth volume of the Selected Works of Mao Zedong was just published six months ago. This was the first major event in China at that time. All the printing houses in the country are printing horsepower "Red Book", which has already printed 28 million copies, which is not enough. But now young people are all eager to ask when they can take the exam. Some people swear by the "Red Book", it is better to take the printed paper to the test paper. This is a good idea, but the party’s lower-level officials are not willing to be the master: it is already a shame to violate the instructions of Chairman Mao’s instructions. It is also a shame to stop the fifth volume of the Selected Works of Mao Zedong to print the examination papers. Is it not a big deal? I had to report the problem and report it to Zhongnanhai at the first-level level. As a result, the Party Central Committee made a decision: to transfer the papers printed in the fifth volume of the Selected Works of Mao Zedong, and go all out to print the high examination papers. The news broke out and everyone was amazed: the times are really different!

The times are really different! One morning in the winter, the Yijia Commune in Zhangshu County, Jilin Province, is crowded with people. It is not a market, nor a critical assembly, but a college entrance examination. Li Wei, a staff member of the People’s Daily, was in a single brigade of the commune. On that day, the day was still not bright. He climbed up from the big cockroach, knocked on the ice layer in the bucket, took a sip of iced water, and hurried away 15 miles to get here. He is late than most people. Of course, people who are crowded here are not all candidates, and many people just come to see the fun. Another educated youth, the production and construction team in Heilongjiang participated in the college entrance examination this day. "On an admission ticket, I finally filled in my name," he recalled 20 years later: "What a rare admission ticket!" In Anhui, Wang Yongnian came to the examination room. This is the second time he has participated in the college entrance examination in 12 years. In 1965, he graduated from an old county high school in western Yunnan, and he was among the best in the college entrance examination that year. He looked forward to the admission letter of the famous university, and only got a notice that “the medical examination was unqualified and should not be accepted”. Grandpa is the landlord. Dad has a "historical problem." Based on these two articles, he thought that he had no chance to go to college in his life. He did not expect that he would enter the examination room once again after 12 years. Although he said that the resumption of the college entrance examination "is no different from a spring thunder", but he still hesitated. "Is this time really equal before everyone in the score?" He groaned and filled the words "Tsinghua University" into the third volunteer. He wants to go to Tsinghua University too much, but he knows that this is impossible. It is not that he does not believe in his own ability. He does not believe that the political issue 12 years ago will not have any influence today, so write "Tsinghua University", but I want to "give myself a bitter comfort."

The things of that era called people today are really strange. When Jin Jinhan was sitting in the examination room of Jinyu Commune in Nantong County, he was still silently thanking him for his "Enlightened Secretary." The person he thanked was the party secretary of the commune, named Hao Shengfu. A month ago, Jin Jinhan wanted to do something like a report secretary. He wanted to participate in the winter college entrance examination. Hao Shuji said: "If young people meet the conditions, they will take the exam." What is the relationship between the exam and the secretary? Who can't approve it? Yes, at that time, all those who took the exam would have to pass this level. Many people did not get into the examination room because the party secretary did not approve it. It is no wonder that Hao Shuji’s sentence is that Jin Jinhan is so excited that he will not forget his 20 years later. Guozhihua entered the examination room in Heilongjiang. He worked as a farm worker in the production and construction corps, engaged in propaganda, opened tractors, and became a teacher. The things I experienced were both new and fresh, but he said that only those days of exams were "fascinating and memorable", "the years can never erase my nostalgia and miss." Yao Kunlun walked into the examination room with a pen that burned half-focus. At that time, he settled with his parents from the city to a minority mountain village on the border of Hunan and Jiangxi. The college dream of childhood weaving has long been shattered, and now, he said: "A strong desire to start surging." Twenty days ago, when he began to review his homework preparation exam, he had only two dollars. He used this money to buy 20 eggs for himself, and he was able to eat one day. He works during the day and studies at night with kerosene lamps. One night was too tired, and I didn't feel asleep. Suddenly, a pungent smell made him wake up. It turned out that the pen fell into the brazier below. The pen holder has been burnt. But all his savings have bought eggs, and there is no money to buy a pen...

In the history of our country, the situation in the examination room these days is really unprecedented. However, the more exciting things are still behind, the results of the exam came out in a dozen days, and 200,000 people received an acceptance letter before the end of the year. After the summer of the second year and the summer of the third year, a total of 880,000 students were admitted to universities across the country. This was screened out from 18 million candidates, and the only criterion for screening was the score. Candidates have an admission rate of less than 5%. In some places, such as Heilongjiang Province, there are too many candidates, so the proportion of admission is less than 1%.

I can imagine the situation when they received the offer letter. Wang Minkang, an educated youth from the Yunnan Production and Construction Corps, said: "When I finally received the admission notice from my hometown, the little piece of paper was as heavy as a thousand, and my tight hands shook." Yao Kunlun is working Fertilizing the ground, my brother ran over and told him to "take it." "My nose is sour," he said. "Tears can't stop flowing." "On the day of receiving the admission letter from Lanzhou University, my father showed little calm, not talking, just one after another. Smoking, look at the admission notice repeatedly." Yin Xiong recalled. He was a staff member of China National Petroleum Corporation in the 1990s. But in the spring of 1977, he lived in a small village of less than 40 families in the northern part of Daqing Mountain in the Inner Mongolia Plateau. He has lived in this closed hilly area for generations. When I was young, the farthest place I went to was the county town. Never know what the world outside is like. In one year, the village came with many young people who had the same accent on the radio. The adults said that they were “knowledge youths” from the big cities of Beijing and Tianjin, and they came to the ranks. Many people in the village feel that it is useless to go to school. Only his father was unmoved. He said to his children: "You must study hard until you have nowhere to study." "When I got the college admission notice, I was so happy that I was so excited that I was excited. Cui Chengzhu said, "The wife looked at my notice, pouting, laughing and laughing, pulling my hand, half of the tears fell on my hand, and half fell on her hand." Spring season After school, the family sent Cui Chengzhu to study. He sat with his 4-year-old daughter and luggage on a flatbed. The wife pulled the car in front and went to the train station. The train started, the daughter called "Dad" and the wife ran in the window chasing him. Far away, still beckoning. So he left the village and entered the university. The new coat he wore was bought by his wife who sold two carrots. Gong Shouping of Shanxi Province did not experience such a scene of refuge. "The admission notice is coming," he said. "I left a paddy field of three hundred acres in a bay, leaving thirty-seven scorpions, one bag of luggage, four volumes of "Selected Works of Mao Zedong" and entered the university. "I dressed myself beautifully," said Cao Xiaohong of Henan. But what she wants most is not a coat, but a dark green trousers. This is what the mother did when she was young. The pure hair of Verdin is very positive. Mother really gave it to her. However, the pants are too fat. She imitated her pants by imitating the popular bell-bottoms on the street. The trousers are enlarged as much as possible, and the six inches become seven inches. Although it is not as good as the real flared pants, it also has the feeling of flared pants. “I put on this trousers to go to school,” she said. “The effect is great.”

"New three" in the university

Spring is really coming now.

The university campus hastily ushered in the first batch of new students after the "Cultural Revolution." The entry time for the new student is February 1978. The campus was devastated, and it was all traces of the revolutionary era. The big-character posters and the big slogans hang on the wall, and Chairman Mao’s quotations are clearly posted. It is as clear as the deputy editor of the National Literature magazine, said that “it’s like a master who has no time to sweep the courtyard”. Although the "master" was caught off guard, new students are constantly coming in. After another eight months, that is, in October of this year, the second batch of students also came in, and then the third batch. A new term has become a popular term: “New Three”, which is used to refer specifically to these three groups of college students. This is relative to the "third three", which refers to junior high school graduates in 1966, 1967 and 1968. Later, they became the main force of the Red Guards in the "Cultural Revolution", sweeping the world, and they have fallen into the rivers and lakes, drifting around. Now, they have become the main part of the "new three" in the university.

The big school has concentrated so many people at once, and has concentrated so many stories. An unprecedented test, the result came out of a group of unprecedented students. The oldest and youngest are almost two generations. Many people are already parents. Parents and their children go to school. "I always thought that I experienced a lot, whether it is the suffering of life or the suffering of the soul," Yan Xianqing said. He walked into Peking University this spring. He has a grandfather who has been a false guardian, a grandmother from a landlord. Uncle used to serve in the Kuomintang government and hanged himself in the political movement of the Communist Party. The mother is the rightist and the father is the capitalist. He had lived in a small coal mine for 20 years before he received an admission letter from Peking University. He came to Peking University with these. Unexpectedly, he found here that the suffering he suffered was really nothing compared to many of his classmates. “The hardships experienced by many students are many times deeper than I am,” he said. “Everyone has a story that is hard to read and full of bitterness and tears.” However, the “New Three” does not say these now. The past is over. It is not unbearable to look back, but they cherish the present life too much. “A sense of urgency in life suddenly came to an end.” Qi Xianqing wrote about the life of Peking University at that time, “All the people are rushing to the classroom and rushing to the library, long lined up. The team bought Chinese and foreign names, and went to the far-away place to watch the re-screening of Chinese and foreign movies... Just like the sponge absorbs water, people are desperately reading books, and they are hungry."

The teachers are back. The students in front of them were once so ferocious. Give them high hats, hang wooden signs, force them to bend their waists to the ground, call them "gangsters", "scholars", or call their names. But now, one by one, the desire for knowledge, and re-named them as "teachers" or "sir", re-opened them. Mr. Sun Yushi from Peking University said: "As a teacher who gave them classes at that time, I felt the joy of resonating between the lecturer and the recipient that I have never had before." Another teacher, Yuan Xingyu The gentleman said: "I really like to teach you classes. When I stand on the podium, I feel that I am like a conductor of a symphony orchestra. Wherever I feel that there should be a reaction, you will make a smile." It feels so good."

All kinds of "Red Guards" were all dissolved. The new composition is a variety of literary clubs. The name is called "Morning Literature Society" or "May 4 Literature Society". A prosperous publication from Peking University is called Unnamed Lake. In the front of the 32nd floor, the column of the works of the Literary Society was set up, and the very vigorous name "Morning" was used. Every meal time, many people hold their rice bowls and squat there while eating and watching and commenting. At that time, many schools did not even have a decent canteen. The food is really cheap, I bought a big plate for a few cents, but there is no table and bench. After the students have long queues to buy rice, they put the rice bowl in their hands, put the dish in the ground, smash it into a circle, and talk while eating. The students don’t talk about women or men, and they don’t talk about who is left, who has money, who has a good father, and the word “big money” has to be invented for several years. Everyone only talks about the fate of the country, human The future is all about the appearance of "the sky will be reduced to the people of the world." However, everyone's pockets are empty and there is no money. The poorest students can already enjoy the full scholarship, which is 19 yuan per month. After the money was bought the simplest food and clothing items, it was not left. There was one of the four students at Peking University going shopping, and one street went to the end, but no one was willing to pay for it. Then turn around and go back, suddenly saw a flat three rounds at the entrance of Xinhua Bookstore, a pile of old books. The price has dropped! Everyone is going around, you pick me up, and finally everyone chooses a thin booklet, and the word on the back cover is covered with the ballpoint pen at the original price: five points. So everyone was all generous and vying for money to pay. However, something awkward happened at this time: the four college students were together and could not afford to pay five cents. So everyone dropped the booklet and laughed and left. These people have all experienced the days of poverty and poverty, not only will not feel embarrassed for this little thing, but also think that they are one step to the sky. It’s like 岑献青 said: “Who can tell me, where did I make the blessing?”

Excerpted from: Ling Zhijun Ma Licheng, "Crying" People's Daily Press, published in January 2011

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