Principle of automatic mechanical watch movement
2023-08-23 23:10:58
To introduce the movement of a mechanical watch, we have to start with the principle of an automatic mechanical watch movement. The automatic mechanical watch is based on the structure of a common mechanical watch, adding a part of automatic mechanism devices. The movement is automatically wound.
The words "Automatic" printed on the dial indicate that it is an automatic mechanical watch, among which there are also automatic mechanical watches and semi-automatic mechanical watches. To understand the principle of an automatic mechanical watch, you need to understand its automatic mechanism. The automatic mechanism is oscillated by a weight (automatic oscillating weight), and the special function of automatic winding is realized through the connection of the automatic winding wheel system and the original dynamic system. Around 1920 in the United Kingdom, watchmaker John Howard invented and produced the prototype of a modern automatic mechanical watch. The principle of the automatic mechanical watch laid the foundation for the development of the automatic mechanical watch industry.
But he is not the first person to make an automatic mechanical watch. As early as 1770, when there were Swiss people, Louis Burret made the earliest automatic pocket watch. Due to the hand-made, the quantity is very small, it is difficult to see in the flea market. Because it is the predecessor and birthplace of modern automatic mechanical watches. As a result, the Swiss watchmaking industry has become famous.
The difference between semi-automatic and fully automatic principle of automatic mechanical watch: the self-weight hammer (that is, the automatic oscillating weight) of the driving part of the automatic mechanical watch is a self-winding transmission system through a set of automatic wheel systems, and the winding is automatically wound by the arm. Due to the different working states of the weight and automatic winding system used in automatic watches, the structure of automatic mechanical watch can be divided into the following four types:
1. Swinging unidirectional bar;
2. Oscillating two-way winding;
3. Rotary unidirectional bar movement,
4. Rotary two-way winding;
The swing type automatic heavy hammer can only swing about 120 ° in the watch machine, which is semi-automatic. The rotary automatic weight can do 360 ° rotation in the watch machine, which is called fully automatic. This is the principle of semi-automatic and fully automatic mechanical watches. In the early automatic mechanical watches, automatic weights were produced to reciprocate linearly in the two grooves on the center of the watch. This automatic mechanism is called bucket automatic; because of its poor winding effect, it was eliminated early. But because of its limited output, it has collection value. Some automatic mechanical watches have a pointer on the dial, which shows the amount of automatic winding and can determine the reliability of automatic winding. Due to the complexity of the mechanism, it needs to be composed of 14 parts, so there are not many automatic watches using this type of mechanism.
After understanding the most basic principles, we will then go through the basic structural units to gain a deeper understanding of how the movement works.
1. The original dynamic system: The original dynamic system stores the elastic potential energy generated by tightening the Spring as an energy source. During the normal operation of the movement, the spring releases the elastic potential energy as mechanical energy, thereby driving the wheel system to rotate. And maintain the vibration system without attenuating the vibration to replenish it regularly, and at the same time drive the movement of the display system and additional mechanisms (calendar, weekly calendar, monthly calendar, etc.).
The original motion system includes parts including a barrel wheel, a barrel cover, a barrel shaft and a spring
Second, the transmission wheel system: the original dynamic system of the mechanical watch will have a certain continuation time after it is fully wound up and released, and it can be extended after a set of transmission wheel system has been added between the original dynamic system and the escapement mechanism. The continuous working time of a full article. In addition, the transmission wheel system also transmits the rotation angle of the escapement wheel (a component of the escapement mechanism) representing the vibration frequency of the vibration system to the hour wheel, minute wheel and second wheel of the pointer system according to a certain value.
3. Escapement mechanism: The function of the escapement mechanism is to regularly and regularly supplement the energy transmitted from the wheel system to the vibration system to maintain it in undecayed vibration. In addition, it accurately calculates the number of vibrations of the vibration system. The escape wheel controls the display system through the second wheel and other gears to achieve the purpose of measuring time.
4. Vibration system: The mechanical watch uses the balance spring as the vibration system. If you determine the time (vibration period) required for the balance spring to complete a full vibration and calculate the number of vibrations, then the vibration has experienced so many times. The time is equal to the vibration period multiplied by the number of vibrations, that is: time = vibration period × number of vibrations.
V. Display system: The display system is used to indicate the time. The minute wheel drives the hour wheel by straddling the wheel, and the transmission ratio between the minute wheel and the hour wheel is fixed. That is, after the minute wheel turns 12 times, the hour wheel rotates one. Lap, second hand, minute hand and hour hand are respectively installed on the second shaft, minute wheel and hour wheel, forming the hour hand to rotate once every 12 hours, the minute hand to rotate once every hour, and the second hand to rotate once every minute.
6. Winding system: the function of winding system is to transfer energy to the original dynamic system. It is divided into two types: hand-winding and automatic winding. The movement with automatic winding can also be hand-wound at the same time. Only its structure is more complicated, and the self-winding movement can also be subdivided into two types: one-way winding and two-way winding. The so-called single-two-way refers to the automatic hammer component responsible for providing the rotational torque in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction It can drive the winding mechanism in one direction or in both directions.
7. Dial system: The dial system is the mechanism used to dial the pointer, but what needs to be explained here is that the definition of this mechanism is not only the dial of the hour and minute hands, but also includes the additional mechanism of the dial movement core. Display section, such as calendar and weekly calendar.
The seven parts of the above basic movement form a complete movement transmission chain. I hope you will keep in mind the connection between them and the role they play in the movement. This will also be of great help for us to buy watches in the future.
The words "Automatic" printed on the dial indicate that it is an automatic mechanical watch, among which there are also automatic mechanical watches and semi-automatic mechanical watches. To understand the principle of an automatic mechanical watch, you need to understand its automatic mechanism. The automatic mechanism is oscillated by a weight (automatic oscillating weight), and the special function of automatic winding is realized through the connection of the automatic winding wheel system and the original dynamic system. Around 1920 in the United Kingdom, watchmaker John Howard invented and produced the prototype of a modern automatic mechanical watch. The principle of the automatic mechanical watch laid the foundation for the development of the automatic mechanical watch industry.
But he is not the first person to make an automatic mechanical watch. As early as 1770, when there were Swiss people, Louis Burret made the earliest automatic pocket watch. Due to the hand-made, the quantity is very small, it is difficult to see in the flea market. Because it is the predecessor and birthplace of modern automatic mechanical watches. As a result, the Swiss watchmaking industry has become famous.
1. Swinging unidirectional bar;
2. Oscillating two-way winding;
3. Rotary unidirectional bar movement,
4. Rotary two-way winding;
The swing type automatic heavy hammer can only swing about 120 ° in the watch machine, which is semi-automatic. The rotary automatic weight can do 360 ° rotation in the watch machine, which is called fully automatic. This is the principle of semi-automatic and fully automatic mechanical watches. In the early automatic mechanical watches, automatic weights were produced to reciprocate linearly in the two grooves on the center of the watch. This automatic mechanism is called bucket automatic; because of its poor winding effect, it was eliminated early. But because of its limited output, it has collection value. Some automatic mechanical watches have a pointer on the dial, which shows the amount of automatic winding and can determine the reliability of automatic winding. Due to the complexity of the mechanism, it needs to be composed of 14 parts, so there are not many automatic watches using this type of mechanism.
1. The original dynamic system: The original dynamic system stores the elastic potential energy generated by tightening the Spring as an energy source. During the normal operation of the movement, the spring releases the elastic potential energy as mechanical energy, thereby driving the wheel system to rotate. And maintain the vibration system without attenuating the vibration to replenish it regularly, and at the same time drive the movement of the display system and additional mechanisms (calendar, weekly calendar, monthly calendar, etc.).
Second, the transmission wheel system: the original dynamic system of the mechanical watch will have a certain continuation time after it is fully wound up and released, and it can be extended after a set of transmission wheel system has been added between the original dynamic system and the escapement mechanism. The continuous working time of a full article. In addition, the transmission wheel system also transmits the rotation angle of the escapement wheel (a component of the escapement mechanism) representing the vibration frequency of the vibration system to the hour wheel, minute wheel and second wheel of the pointer system according to a certain value.
3. Escapement mechanism: The function of the escapement mechanism is to regularly and regularly supplement the energy transmitted from the wheel system to the vibration system to maintain it in undecayed vibration. In addition, it accurately calculates the number of vibrations of the vibration system. The escape wheel controls the display system through the second wheel and other gears to achieve the purpose of measuring time.
4. Vibration system: The mechanical watch uses the balance spring as the vibration system. If you determine the time (vibration period) required for the balance spring to complete a full vibration and calculate the number of vibrations, then the vibration has experienced so many times. The time is equal to the vibration period multiplied by the number of vibrations, that is: time = vibration period × number of vibrations.
V. Display system: The display system is used to indicate the time. The minute wheel drives the hour wheel by straddling the wheel, and the transmission ratio between the minute wheel and the hour wheel is fixed. That is, after the minute wheel turns 12 times, the hour wheel rotates one. Lap, second hand, minute hand and hour hand are respectively installed on the second shaft, minute wheel and hour wheel, forming the hour hand to rotate once every 12 hours, the minute hand to rotate once every hour, and the second hand to rotate once every minute.
6. Winding system: the function of winding system is to transfer energy to the original dynamic system. It is divided into two types: hand-winding and automatic winding. The movement with automatic winding can also be hand-wound at the same time. Only its structure is more complicated, and the self-winding movement can also be subdivided into two types: one-way winding and two-way winding. The so-called single-two-way refers to the automatic hammer component responsible for providing the rotational torque in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction It can drive the winding mechanism in one direction or in both directions.
7. Dial system: The dial system is the mechanism used to dial the pointer, but what needs to be explained here is that the definition of this mechanism is not only the dial of the hour and minute hands, but also includes the additional mechanism of the dial movement core. Display section, such as calendar and weekly calendar.
The seven parts of the above basic movement form a complete movement transmission chain. I hope you will keep in mind the connection between them and the role they play in the movement. This will also be of great help for us to buy watches in the future.
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