Glass Bottle Materials: Development Track of Soda Industry in China

In 1991, China became a net exporter of soda ash; since 2003, China's soda ash industry has ranked first in the world in six places, among which soda ash production capacity and output have accounted for more than one-third of the world's total capacity and total production.

In 1949, there were only two soda ash plants in the country, one in Tanggu, Tianjin, and one in Dalian. The annual output increased by 88,000 tons.

After the founding of New China and before the reform and opening up, China's soda ash industry has a certain foundation. On the one hand, the output of soda ash and the number of companies increased several times. During this period, the Dalian Soda Plant and the Tianjin Soda Plant were separately rebuilt and expanded three times. At the same time, China also successively built three medium-sized soda ash plants in Sichuan Zigong, Qingdao in Shandong, and Hubei Yingcheng, and a number of small soda ash plants. The annual production capacity ranges from 10,000 tons to 40,000 tons. On the other hand, the joint soda process has matured. During the period when the national economy resumed, the state established the "Hou's Alkali Method" intermediate pilot plant at the Dalian Soda Plant (now Dalian Chemical Industry Group Corporation). The process has been continuously improved and large-scale installations have been designed. In 1962, the plant was put into production. In 1964, it passed the national appraisal and was named "joint soda production method." According to industry statistics, most of the soda ash companies built and put into production in China in the 1960s used the combined production of alkali, but the ammonia-alkali production process still dominated the market.

In the initial period of reform and opening up, the demand for soda ash in China rapidly increased, but the annual output of soda ash was only 1.077 million tons, which could not meet the needs of national economic development. The situation of relying heavily on imports has stimulated the determination of China's soda ash industry. In the following 30 years, the rapid rise of China's soda ash industry was mainly manifested in the following aspects.

The production capacity and output have increased substantially. In the 1980s, the state invested in the construction of three large-scale soda plants with a capacity of 600,000 tons per year, located in Weifang, Tangshan and Lianyungang, respectively, using the ammonia-alkali process. The construction of these three major soda plants is an important symbol of the development of China's soda ash industry, which has reversed the long-term supply shortage of soda ash production in China. In 1991, China ended its 15-year history of importing large amounts of soda ash and became a net exporter. Since then, exports have increased year by year. Since 2003, China's soda ash industry has ranked 6 in the world, namely, the world's first soda ash production capacity, world's first soda ash production, first-generation synthetic soda ash production capacity, first-generation synthetic soda ash production, and ammonium chloride The world's first production capacity and ammonium chloride production in the world.

By the end of 2008, China had a total of 49 soda ash production enterprises and 57 production plants, and the production of soda ash reached 18.3 million tons. At present, China's soda ash production capacity and output have all accounted for more than one-third of the world's total capacity and total production, while soda ash exports have ranked second in the world. At the same time, they also export baking soda, calcium chloride, industrial calcium chloride and agriculture. Ammonium chloride and other products.

Technological innovation and technology introduction promote large-scale production. In recent years, China's soda ash industry has greatly improved its technology and equipment, and its self-developed combined production of alkali, conversion gas to make alkali, and high-quality raw salt to make alkali have reached the world's leading level. China has independently designed and manufactured natural circulation externally cooled carbonization towers, self-returning alkali calcining furnaces, solid-phase water chemistry, and liquid-phase water chemistry heavy soda ash equipment. After decades of development, China's soda ash industry has ranked first in the world in terms of technology and equipment, and China has also transformed its original technology equipment into exporting technology and equipment. The application of new technologies and new equipment has gradually realized the large-scale production of soda ash. It is understood that in 2008 the average annual output of soda ash enterprises in China was 373,400 tons. Among them, the annual production capacity of Shandong Haihua Group Co., Ltd. with ammonia-alkali process is 3 million tons, and the annual production capacity of Hubei Shuanghuan Chemical Group Co., Ltd. is 1 million tons. Inner Mongolia Boyuan Holding Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Boyuan Group's annual production capacity of natural soda ash reached 1.65 million tons.

Energy-saving emission reduction and recycling economy have made progress. The expansion of the scale of production of enterprises is conducive to reducing consumption, but more important is the technological innovation for the "three wastes" treatment and comprehensive utilization. For example, Tianjin Soda Plant used ammonia-alkali waste residue to produce engineering soil and man-made landscaping. Shandong Haihua Group realized the "one use of water and six uses" of brine. The company also used Tangshan Sanyou Group to use caustic soda to refine the brine, and Qingdao Alkali Industry Limited. The company and the South China Alkali Production Company used the distillation residue to carry out desulfurization of power plant boiler flue gas. Zhanhua and Shilian proposed the goal of the joint production of alkali for close to zero emissions.

Product structure and process structure have been adjusted. At the beginning of reform and opening up, China's soda ash product structure was dominated by light alkali. In the 1980s, China began to produce heavy soda ash. In 2008, China's heavy soda production reached 7.2 million tons, accounting for 39.34% of the total soda production. Alkali consumption accounts for only a very low proportion due to its scope of use and industry restrictions. In 2008, the soda ash industry also produced 8.5 million tons of ammonium chloride. In 1952, China's ammonium chloride production was almost zero. In recent years, the production of calcium chloride, baking soda and other products has also increased slightly. These derivatives products were almost blank in 1978. In addition, the attention to the environment is also changing China's soda ash production process structure. The greatest advantage of trona is that it can achieve zero emissions. In 1979, the establishment of Inner Mongolia Yikezhao Meng Chemical Research & Design Institute became a turning point for the Chinese natural alkali industry. With the breakthrough of a series of technical problems, the natural alkali method has entered a period of rapid development in China's soda industry from scratch and from small to large. In 2008, the production of natural soda ash in China reached 1.17 million tons, accounting for 6.3% of the total soda production.

The president of the China Soda Industry Association pointed out that the soda ash industry in China has gone through a glorious history for 90 years, and the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” period is a critical period for China to build a strong soda power. It is believed that at the time of the 70th anniversary of the founding of New China, China Must be able to become the world's soda ash industry powerhouse.

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