Opinions on the performance characteristics of the glazing machine and its selection and acceptance
The glazing machine is an important equipment for the surface finishing and processing of packaging products such as cartons and cartons. It plays a very important role in improving the surface performance of printed products, improving the wear resistance, stain resistance and water resistance of printed products. . For printing and carton companies, choosing a glazing machine with excellent structure, stable performance, convenient operation, high production efficiency, wide applicability, and better energy saving is of great significance to scientifically and rationally organize production. Therefore, to correctly understand and understand the structure and characteristics of the glazing equipment, and to master the procurement control of the glazing machine, is an important part of improving production efficiency and product quality.
1 Type of glazing machine
The glazing machine is divided into three types: printing machine online glazing unit, special glazing machine and printing machine structure. Among them, the multi-color printing machine on-line glazing unit has a structure of 4-color, 5-color, 6-color plus 1-color or 2-color glazing unit. Type of glazing; both high-brightness coatings and matt (matte) coatings can be applied, and there is also a drying device, which has high production efficiency and stable quality, showing the good production advantages of multi-color printing machines The market competitiveness of color prints. The ordinary glazing machine has a simple structure, easy operation, and low equipment investment. It is a relatively commonly used glazing equipment for packaging and printing. The product has wide adaptability and is suitable for large, medium, and small printing and carton factories. The special glazing machine is divided into two types: manual renewal and automatic paper feeding. Some of the equipment can be used for glazing in a whole frame or partially. According to the actual production status of the factory, a reasonable choice should be made to improve production efficiency. In addition, the printing machine can also be used for partial or full-scale glazing. The principle is to use the printing plate to receive varnish or varnish, and then transfer the varnish or varnish to the surface of the printed product through mechanical imprinting.
2 Structure and characteristics of glaze coating
The glazing structure is divided into an anilox roller blade structure, a three-roller direct coating structure, a doctor roller coating structure, a dip-type reverse coating structure, a cavity blade structure, a drag blade coating structure, and an air knife coating structure And a variety of blade coating structures. Due to the different structure of the machine, its production efficiency and glazing quality effects are also different.
1) Anilox roller scraper structure
The conveying form of the anilox roller scraper structure is exactly like a flexo printing machine, and its structure has two-roller type, three-roller type and four-roller type. Among them, the three-roller coating is to add a rubber coating roller between the anilox roller and the liner roller. The viscosity of the glazing coating is required to be appropriately lower, which is conducive to uniform coating, so it is better than the two-roller coating. The coating quality of the machine is good. In addition, the four-roller machine has great adaptability to paint viscosity and fluidity, and the glazing coating is more uniform and of good quality. Because the anilox roller transfers the glazing paint by regular mesh holes, the amount of paint transfer is almost constant, and the glazing paint obtained on the surface of the printed product is relatively uniform and stable. However, to change the thickness of the glaze coating, anilox rolls of different specifications should be replaced.
2) Three-roller direct coating structure
The structure is composed of metering roller, discharge tube, coating roller, doctor blade and liner roller, etc. The coating amount of the printed product is determined by the gap between the metering roller and the coating roller, and the adjustment is more convenient. The three-roller coating has a simple structure and can be coated on both sides. For double-sided coating, the material is fed from the lower fabric tank and the upper conveying device at the same time for glazing. This structure machine has high production efficiency and low printed sheet consumption, and is a commonly used glazing coating method.
3) Scraper coating structure
The direction of the coating roller of the doctor roller coating structure can be the same as or opposite to the direction of sheet feeding, and the speed can also be adjusted to meet the requirements of glazing coating. Squeegee coating is the simplest glazing method. It applies excess paint to the paper surface during glazing, and then the squeegee roller scrapes off the excess paint to keep the paper surface glazed. Coating, while obtaining a uniform coating quality effect.
4) Immersion reverse coating structure
This machine is generally composed of storage tank, feeding roller, leveling roller, coating roller and liner roller. The gap between the rollers coated by the reverse roller of this type of machine has a great influence on the quality of the glazing coating, and the gap size can be adjusted flexibly and conveniently. In addition, the automatic circulation of the coating on the machine can help to ensure the coating quality of the printed products.
5) Cavity scraper structure
In this structure, the varnish is measured by an anilox roller. Two scrapers form a closed cavity for the anilox roller. And because the structure has a short circulation oil path, the varnish can reduce volatilization better. The glazing quality of this structure The effect is good, and it is relatively easy to clean. It is a more advanced glazing structure.
6) Drag knife coating structure
When the structure is glazed, the printed sheet is closely attached to the surface of the rubber layer of the backing roller. When the backing roller rotates through the glazing chute, a uniform coating is obtained on the surface of the printed sheet under the action of the blade edge of the drag blade. The drag coating structure can also be used for double-sided coating, and is more suitable for high-speed glazing. The concentration of the coating is high, the coating is smooth, and the glazing quality is better.
7) Air knife coating structure
It is coated by the coating roller on the surface of the printed sheet. When the printed sheet passes between the backing roller and the air knife, the air knife slit jets an airflow at a certain angle to the printed sheet surface, which will excessively varnish the printed sheet surface. Blow into the recovery tank to make the surface of the printed sheet evenly coated. The coating amount of the air knife glazing depends on its position with the printed sheet, the paper feed speed and the viscosity of the glazing coating. The glazing oil applied by the coating roller to the paper surface should be kept to a minimum to be suitable, and a better glazing effect can be obtained. The air knife glazing coating can obtain a smooth coating corresponding to the uneven base paper, and has good adaptability to the base paper gloss, varnish concentration and viscosity. However, if a solvent-based varnish is used for varnishing, the organic solvent in the paint is likely to pollute the production environment and increase the loss of varnish due to the air flow on the air knife, so this structure is only suitable for the use of water-soluble Glazing paint.
8) Scraper coating structure
Squeegee coating is to use scraper to scrape off the excess paint on the surface of the printed sheet (after coating through the trough), so as to form a uniform and appropriate coating on the paper surface. This coating structure has poor control of the coating amount, and the coating is prone to streak defects, and is generally only suitable for low-speed glazing production.
3 The structure and characteristics of the printing machine online polishing unit
There are two types of structure for online glazing of printing presses. One is that the glazing unit and the printing press have the same mechanism. The dampening solution system is used to coat and glaze by roller coating; The thickness of the glazing paint is controlled by an anilox roller and a doctor blade. Multi-color printing presses that link two varnishing units usually use roller coating to varnish first, and then use anilox rollers to apply varnish. If the printing machine is used for glazing online, its speed is high, production efficiency is high, and production cost is low, which can reduce the loss of intermediate production links and printed products, and improve product quality and economic efficiency. Adopt the printing machine to glaze online, not only can glaze the entire printed product, but also glaze the partial layout of the printed product. The on-line glazing unit can be connected with offset printing on-line production operations, and can also be connected to gravure and flexo printing machines for production, to achieve simultaneous printing and glazing in an instant. However, the investment of this machine is relatively high, which is suitable for the printing and glazing of high-end and bulk products in large and medium-sized factories.
1) Structure and characteristics of ordinary glazing equipment
The processing object of ordinary glazing machine is the printing of flat paper. Its main structure consists of paper feeding flat (or paper conveying structure), transmission structure, electrical control device, coating structure, conveyor belt, drying device, exhaust device and paper collection. Device etc. Due to the different characteristics of glazing materials, ordinary glazing machines have thick paper type (also known as special type) glazing machine and general-purpose glazing machine which can adapt to thick and thin paper. Thick paper glazing machines are mostly semi-automatic structures, generally suitable for glazing of printed sheets of 200g / m2 or more. The general-purpose glazing machine is generally fully automatic and has good adaptability to the glazing of thick and thin printed sheets. The drying form of the special coating machine has two structures: solid conduction heating drying and radiant heating drying.
2) Structure and characteristics of glazing of printing press
Using lithographic and letterpress (including flexographic and self-adhesive) printers can also perform partial or full-frame glazing. When glazing, the ink fountain and rubber roller are used to transfer varnish, and PS plate (lithography) and blanket are used Coat the surface of the printed sheet with copper, zinc plate, rubber plate or resin plate, and then transfer the varnish on the blanket or plate surface to the printed sheet by the pressure of the impression cylinder or flat plate. Due to the slow drying speed, the thickness of the glaze coating has certain limitations. The glossiness of the glaze of the printed product is not as good as the glazing effect of the special glazing machine. It is generally suitable for ordinary printed products with low quality requirements. Polish. [next]
4 Introduction of several glazing machines
? GUVJ series automatic thick and thin paper local glazing machine. This machine has the advantages of accurate overprinting and uniform coating. The local glazing can highlight the visual effect of the printed layout, increase aesthetics, and improve the quality of the printed matter. This series of machine is not only suitable for coating on thick paper, but also suitable for coating on thin paper. It is simple and convenient to operate. Due to the large diameter roller structure, the glazed surface is smooth and bright. In addition, the machine has a small footprint, fast speed, and low power consumption, which is conducive to energy saving.
? ZUVJ series automatic thick paper partial glazing machine. This machine is suitable for partial or whole-page UV varnishing of paper products, especially suitable for varnishing pre-printed carton facial paper mainly made of whiteboard paper, partial or whole-page varnishing of carton products, which can improve color The quality of the surface finishing of carton and carton products meets the requirements of the market and users.
? RHW-1000-1200UV automatic full-frame glazing machine. This machine is a high-tech product integrating light, machine, electricity and gas. It can be used for both thick and thin paper to realize the automatic, fast and efficient production effect of the whole process. The machine adopts belt conveying, frequency conversion stepless speed regulation, and the maximum speed can reach 80m / min. Each workstation has an independent space, which can be used in combination with the printing machine.
? RHW-JGA104 new generation of local glazing machine. The machine is designed according to customer and market needs, and is more suitable for glazing long and short printings. The machine adopts bite-type paper conveying, which is suitable for coating thick and thin paper. The innovative machine design and highly automated electrical design of the whole machine enable the machine to withstand the test of high-speed operation, and can be matched with high-speed printing machines in printing and carton factories to improve production efficiency and product quality.
? RHW-1000 / 1200HUV comprehensive glazing, oil purchase dual-purpose machine. The coating process and thin paper glazing system of this machine adopt a three-roller structure. The air knife system is controlled by PLC and interface, which can ensure that the paper above 80g / m2 can be smoothly oiled or glazed. Dry composition. This machine can be used for two purposes, simple operation, convenient maintenance, and strong applicability. It is an ideal glazing and oiling equipment for small and medium-sized printing and packaging enterprises.
? SGZJ series local polishing machine. The machine can use glazing oil or UV oil to partially glaze the surface of the paper or to glaze the entire width. The machine adopts automatic paper feeding method, the empty sheet can be automatically separated from the pressure, and the three-roller reverse coating structure is an ideal adaptable glazing equipment.
5 Factors that should be considered when choosing a glazing machine
The purchase of glazing machine is a process that printing and carton factory production needs and development will go through. How to purchase a glazing machine that is in line with the actual production status of the factory is not only related to production efficiency, but also to product quality. The author believes that the main factors that should be considered in the purchase of glazing machine are the following aspects:
Factors that consider the production capacity and technical strength of the manufacturing plant. Manufacturers specializing in the production of glazing machines generally have more standardized production processes, stronger production capacity and technical strength, and better after-sales services. The performance and quality of the glazing machines they produce are relatively stable. Therefore, purchase professional manufacturing The glazing machine produced by the factory is beneficial to the production and quality control of the factory.
Consider the energy factor. Under the objective circumstances of tight energy and fierce product price competition, choosing a glazing machine with low energy consumption is a factor that factories should consider.
Factors of printed features and product quality. According to the factors such as the quantity, variety, form and grade of the glazing products required by the factory, considering the reasonable purchase of glazing machines suitable for the characteristics of their own products will improve the production efficiency, economic benefits and product quality. The direction of corporate procurement control.
Factors of equipment price and the economic strength of the factory. With the continuous development of the printing and packaging industry, many post-press processing equipment manufacturers are constantly developing and producing various types and production capacity of glazing equipment according to the development of the packaging and printing product market, which has formed a market The market situation in which high-end, mid-range and low-end glazing equipment coexist satisfies the needs of different users for glazing machines. Therefore, there are certain differences in the prices of various glazing machines. For printing and carton factories, they are faced with the problem of price positioning in the purchase of equipment. Whether to buy medium and high-end equipment, or to buy a general-purpose glazing machine at a lower price, depending on the economic strength of the factory It depends on the actual production situation. Generally speaking, the economic and financial resources of small printing and carton factories have certain limitations, and it is necessary to purchase glazing machines with relatively low prices. However, if there is a large, stable quantity, high-end packaging products need to be polished, you should consider willing to invest in the purchase of fully automatic high-speed glazing equipment.
Factors of factory and market development prospects. Purchasing glazing machine should also consider the purchase of equipment with advanced production capacity from a long-term interest with a strategic perspective. The author has seen that many companies have purchased low-end glazing equipment with poor production capacity based on the production situation at that time because they ignored the factors of market development and changes. As a result, after the market development, the production capacity increased, and the machine If it is not applicable, it is scrapped, and it is often necessary to purchase advanced glazing production equipment. Therefore, the author believes that the purchase of glazing equipment must be forward-looking in the market, try to be one-time in place, so that the equipment maintains the "outdated and not invalid" use effect.
In short, the author believes that the purchase of the glazing machine should not only consider its applicability, but also the reliability of performance; it must not only consider the advanced equipment requirements of the packaging industry development, but also according to the local and factory packaging products. Make rational purchases based on volume and structural characteristics. Generally speaking, the production volume of small printing factories and carton factories is relatively small, you should consider using ordinary glazing machines for production; large and medium-sized factories have high grades, many varieties and large quantities, which can be considered Purchase fully automatic high-speed glazing equipment; if most of the multi-color printing products are glazed, you can consider the use of printing glazing online operation machine; regardless of the size of the factory, you should consider the purchase of glazing machine The functions and adaptability should be adapted to the business characteristics of the factory. When purchasing, it is necessary to carry out the necessary market inspection, take more look, learn more about the development of glazing machine and other manufacturers' purchase and use experience, in order to avoid the detour of the machine procurement and affect the production and product quality. [next]
6 Main technology, quality requirements, inspection methods and rules of glazing machine acceptance
1) Technical requirements of glazing machine
The operation of the machine should be stable, the transmission system should work normally, and there should be no abnormal noise; the operating mechanism is sensitive and reliable, the actuator movement is coordinated correctly, there is no jamming and spontaneous movement; the oil path of the lubrication system is unobstructed, and the working temperature of the bearing should not exceed 35 ℃; The light coating layer should be smooth, without wrinkles, breakage, marks, bulging, blistering and obvious streaks. The gloss layer has no sticking phenomenon; the difference in gloss of the coating layer of the printed product is not greater than the above table The specified value; the working noise of the automatic glazing machine shall not be greater than 85dB (A), the working noise of the semi-automatic glazing machine shall not be greater than 80dB (A); the safety protection device shall be complete and reliable, and there shall be an exhaust device.
2) Quality requirements of glazing machine electrical
The insulation resistance value between the short-circuited power circuit and the protection circuit (including the chassis) wire should not be less than 1MΩ; the resistance value between the external protection wire terminal and any exposed conductor parts of the electrical equipment and the fuselage shell is not more than 0.1Ω; electrical equipment Must withstand 1min withstand voltage test, the test voltage is 1500V, there should be no breakdown or flashover phenomenon.
3) Test method of glazing machine
The idling test of the machine requires that each product of the glazing host must be subjected to an idling test of ≥120min, of which high-speed operation should be ≥15min.
4) Bearing working temperature test of glazing machine
After the dry running test, use a point thermometer to measure the working temperature of the bearing, which should be ≤35 ℃;
The main axis of the glazing machine, the parallelism between the rollers and the radial circle runout test of the working surface;
After the idling test of the machine, use a feeler gauge and a dial gauge to measure the parallelism between the main shafts of the metering, coating, and imprinting (lining rollers), the parallelism between the rollers and the main shaft, and the radial runout of the working surface of the rollers. The value of the test should meet the corresponding regulations in the above table.
5) Noise test of glazing machine
When the glazing machine is running at the highest speed, use a common sound level meter to measure the noise of the machine. The microphone is 1.5m above the ground and 1m away from the center of the machine. A total of four points are measured. The arithmetic average should be: automatic glazing machine The working noise should not be greater than 85dB (A); the working noise of the semi-automatic glazing machine should not be greater than 80dB (A).
6) Coating test for coating of glazing machine
Coated glazing paper and speed requirements: test paper according to the maximum format specified by the machine, any use of 80g / m2 ~ 250g / m2 offset printing coated paper (including coated paper). The automatic glazing machine and the online glazing unit are subjected to the coating and glazing test at a maximum glazing speed of 80% and the semi-automatic glazing machine at a maximum glazing speed of 90%.
7) Inspection of coating quality by glazing machine
After coating and glazing at the maximum format, specified paper and speed, randomly sample 10 sheets and visually check the quality of the printed samples. The glaze coating layer should be smooth and free of wrinkles, breakage, marks, bulging, Blisters and obvious streaks, no sticking on the glaze.
8) Uniformity test of the coating layer of the printed product of the glazing machine
Before glazing the printed matter, measure the gloss values ​​of the four corners (20 mm edge of the paper) and the five parts of the center with a digital gloss meter according to the provisions of GB 8941.3, and then insert the 10 samples into 100 glazing paper Polishing test. After glazing, measure the gloss values ​​of five identical parts on the sample sheet separately, and calculate the gloss difference ΔA according to the following formula.
Ai, j = Ai, j after glazing -Ai, j before glazing (1);
ΔAi = Ai, jmax-Ai, jmin (2);
ΔA = 1 / n ∑ ni = 1 ΔAi (3);
In the formula: i--sample number, i = 1, 2 ... n; j--measurement part number, j = 1, 2 ... 5; n--number of samples, n = 10
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