Pollution Status and Control Countermeasures of VOCs in China's Printing Industry
The printing industry is a typical source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Summarized the pollution control regulations and policies of VOCs in the printing industry of the United States, the European Union, and Japan, as well as pollution control technologies, and studied the pollution status of VOCs in China's printing industry. On the basis of the above, some suggestions for the pollution control of VOCs in the printing industry in China were put forward.
In recent years, China's printing industry has maintained a steady growth trend, and has become the world's fourth largest printing market after the United States, Japan, and the European Union, and has made tremendous contributions to the rapid development of China's economy. At the same time, printing materials such as printing inks, adhesives, and cleaning agents are consumed in large quantities, and many VOCs are emitted during the production process. Among them, ethyl acetate, toluene, xylene, acetone and other substances are toxic, causing great harm to the human respiratory system, liver and nervous system. At the same time, these substances also have strong photochemical activity, which can cause photochemical smog, organic aerosols and excessive ozone concentration in the near-surface layer, leading to deterioration of regional ambient air quality.
The pollution problem of VOCs in the printing industry is gradually attracting the attention of the government and industry sectors. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, China will launch the prevention and control of such pollution for the first time in key areas. At present, there are still many problems in the prevention and control of pollution in the industry, including insufficient control of the quantity, types and main sources of pollution of VOCs, lack of control measures such as standards, management systems and strategies, and related clean production and end-of-pipe technology development. behind. Compared with China, the printing industry in the United States, the European Union and Japan has developed and implemented a series of laws and regulations on pollution prevention and control of VOCs in the printing industry, which promoted the development and application of advanced processes and end-of-pipe treatment technologies, and achieved the reduction of VOCs pollution. According to reports, the total amount of VOCs released by Japanese printing inks decreased from about 130,000 tons in 2000 to 73,000 tons in 2008 [6]. The emissions of VOCs in the US printing industry decreased from 330,000 tons in 1980 to 130,000 tons in 2009, with an average annual reduction rate of 3.2%. The emissions of VOCs in the 27 member states of the European Union during the period from 1999 to 2009 have remained at the level of 20-255,000 tons, basically achieving the containment of pollution growth trends.
The experience of reducing emissions in Europe, America and Japan can provide valuable experience for China's future prevention and control of VOCs in the printing industry. The author summarizes the pollution control measures and control technologies of VOCs in the printing industry in the United States, the European Union, Japan and other developed countries, analyzes the pollution status of VOCs in the printing industry of the country, and proposes countermeasures for pollution control in light of the actual situation in China, with a view to comprehensive prevention and control of the industry. Provide a certain reference.
1 Foreign printing industry VOCs pollution control measures and technology
1.1 pollution control measures
1.1.1 United States
The United States was the first developed country to conduct pollution control of VOCs. In order to effectively control the pollution sources of industrial VOCs including the printing industry and promote the national standard of ozone concentration in the whole federal state, the US Air Pollution Control Law [Clean Air Act] stipulates that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), state and local environmental protection departments must Develop and promulgate RACT regulations, pollution source emission standards, NewSource Review and Permits.
The RACT regulations are technical regulations for existing sources of pollution in ozone-deficient areas. RACT refers to reasonably feasible control technologies and is a general term for a type of technology that EPA chooses for its technical and economic considerations.
The RACT technology is designated by the EPA and is published to the State and Regional Environmental Protection Agency in the form of a Control Technical Guide. The State and Regional Environmental Protection Agency's Reference Guide identifies the RACT regulations in the region. In 1978, EPA issued the first "soft packaging and printing industry in control technology Guide", published in 1993, and another "offset and letterpress control technical guidelines", these two guidebooks as a direct basis for most state and regional RACT regulations. As of 2006, when the EPA revised the above guidelines to improve the reduction requirements, there were 17,34 state and regional agencies in the Commonwealth, which issued the RACT regulations for the offset/emboss printing industry and the RACT regulations for the flexible packaging printing industry. The regulations mainly stipulate the VOCs content of printing consumables and the purification efficiency of exhaust gas from printing facilities. The regulations in some regions are shown in Table 1.
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