Is it difficult to prevent flu? The virus can spread under normal breathing
Guide
This winter, a "low-key" flu virus caused a pandemic, and people with colds followed. Why is the spread rate of influenza virus so high? The latest study published in PNAS is a subversive cognition: coughing and sneezing are not the key ways of airborne transmission of viruses. On the contrary, normal breathing also produces virus particles. Aerosol, entering the air and causing infection.
In general, influenza (flu) is transmitted through two routes, one is contact transmission (including direct contact or exposure to infected items), and the second is aerosol transmission (coughing, sneezing, etc., which causes the virus to enter the aerosol, Thereby causing infection into the respiratory tract.
Now, scientists from the University of Maryland have found that the way the flu virus spreads is simpler than we think - normal breathing can also cause the virus to enter the surrounding air, without the need to cough, sneeze, etc. .
Specifically, with breathing, flu patients produce infectious aerosols (ie, small liquids containing viruses that can be suspended in the air for long periods of time), especially on the first day of illness.
So, team leader and professor of environmental health science at the University of Maryland School of Public Health, Donald K. Milton, suggests that patients should go home to rest when they get the flu, rather than staying in a crowded area because it is easy to infect others.
Milton led the team to study the characteristics of the virus in natural breathing, normal speech, spontaneous coughing, and sneezing in 142 cases of influenza patients. On days 1, 2, and 3 of the cold, the subjects were provided with a nasopharyngeal swab and a 30-minute breath, a spontaneous cough, and a swab after sneezing, as samples for analysis.
The results show that a significant number of influenza patients will release the flu virus into the aerosol, thus providing the possibility of airborne transmission.
Surprisingly, 11 (48%) of the 23 aerosol samples obtained without cough detected viral RNA. And 8 out of these 11 samples clearly contained infectious virus. This suggests that coughing is not a necessary condition for the production of infectious sols. In addition, the researchers found that sneezing did not play an important role in the airborne transmission of the virus.
This means that patients who maintain personal hygiene, wash their hands, and avoid coughing are not completely immune to the virus. The researchers believe that this finding can improve the mathematical model for predicting the risk of influenza virus transmission, thereby developing more effective public health interventions to ultimately control the virus pandemic – for example, improving ventilation systems and reducing office, classroom, subway cars, etc. The risk of transmission at the occasion; at the same time, patients stay at home as much as possible; finally, flu vaccine can also prevent the virus.
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