Precautions for printing on art paper
The particularity of the papermaking process makes art paper have many specialities in paper structure and performance, which leads to many specialities in the printing process.
1. Ink absorption
Various types of art paper have a large absorption range for ink, such as: coaster paper is very easy to absorb ink, Reini paper is easier to absorb ink, and transparent paper is difficult to absorb ink. The ink absorption of the art paper used is directly related to the quality of the printed matter and the required delivery time. For paper with poor ink absorption, you can add a drier to the ink or use ultraviolet light to cure it, so as not to cause the back side to become dirty, blotting and other phenomena due to the ink drying too slowly. Of course, the structure of the paper has a great influence on the ink absorption. Some papers are bulky and the ink can easily penetrate and dry; while others have a very tight texture and the ink floats on the surface of the paper, which makes it neither easy to penetrate the paper nor dry. Art paper with different ink absorption properties can usually be controlled by adjusting the printing pressure and processing the ink. If necessary, a certain amount of trial printing can be carried out first (the number depends on the need).
2. Smoothness
Due to the different papermaking processes, some art papers are bulky and have low smoothness; some are relatively tight and have high smoothness. In art paper, there is no lack of paper with embossed effect (such as embossed paper) and stripe pattern effect (such as bamboo textured paper). When encountering this type of paper, it is generally recommended to print less or not at all, and use the natural relief of the paper to perform some simple local processing, such as embossing, UV glazing, hot stamping, etc., so as to basically retain the characteristics of the base paper. And make full use of these characteristics to achieve the ideal decorative effect. Of course, if you need to print, it is very necessary to regulate the printing pressure to achieve specific analysis of specific issues. For example, when printing relatively thick art paper, the printing pressure should not be too large, otherwise it will destroy the obvious characteristics of such art paper shading and deform the paper. On the contrary, if the paper is printed with a relatively tight texture, the printing pressure should be increased appropriately.
Special paper printing and decorating effect
With the improvement of people's living standards, there are more and more varieties of paper, and special paper comes into being. It is widely used in various graphic designs, especially the design of high-end picture albums and book covers. It is deeply loved by the general public. The special paper has the characteristics of compressibility, foldability, easy processing and easy forming, which are not achieved by other packaging materials, and it is also a major advantage as a paper-based printing material.
Paper texture
There are many types of specialty paper, and the expressiveness of the effect of the printing design is also very different. Designers must understand and master the characteristics and performance of different special papers in order to make better use of their advantages and design simple, elegant, luxurious, modern and simple works of various styles.
Special paper has a certain strength, light weight, and has different types of surface unevenness, texture, smoothness, gloss, etc. It has various colors and beautiful appearance. In particular, paper materials manufactured and processed from plant fibers are environmentally friendly and recyclable, making them the first choice for green packaging.
1. Texture
Texture is the skin of an object, and also a styling factor related to any object. The roughness or smoothness of the surface of the object belongs to the texture, and it must be perceived through sight and touch. Texture does not refer to form nor color, it is a styling factor that requires a special feeling.
The texture can be divided into two categories: one is the tactile texture that can be touched by hand, and the other is the visual texture that can be felt through vision.
(1) Tactile texture
The tactile texture is extremely direct. As long as you touch it, the blind can also feel it, but after being photographed, you lose the directness of the touch cognitive texture.
In recent years, in order to make people feel the tactile pleasure of the surface, paper and other packaging materials often use a wide variety of special paper materials with different textures, such as embossed paper and screen paper, which are dazzling. The surface of offset paper, coated paper and special paper have obvious differences in touch texture, so their artistic expression is also different.
(2) Visual texture
We watch TV every day. The TV picture tubes are made of glass and are smooth. However, the kind of texture felt by the pictures on the TV is the visual texture caused by the awakening of tactile sense through vision, not the real texture.
Paper is a flat material, and people can feel the visual texture of the material through graphics, such as stripes and color shading, which are designed using people's visual texture.
2. Application of texture in printing design
In recent paintings and printing designs, texture has received more and more attention. It is not uncommon for texture production and texture itself to become works. The effect printed on the rough textured paper surface can further enhance the texture. Even the small patterns printed on the Mameslip paper with fine unevenness have a good visual texture effect. In printing design, the use of rough and shiny paper is a very important texture design
Texture of paper
1. Texture-the texture of the surface of the object
Any object has different surfaces, and different materials have different textures. This texture is called texture.
Some surface textures are naturally formed, and some are obtained through manufacturing. Various materials used in printing, such as metals, plastics, ceramics, glass, paper, specialty paper, etc., belong to the latter. The texture is different, the texture is different, there are differences between hard and soft, concave and convex, thick and thin, thin and dense, deep and shallow. The staggered arrangement of plant fibers in paper, the dense and shiny metal materials, and the smooth and wrinkle-free extension of the plastic surface all constitute different texture effects.
2. Visual texture and tactile texture
Texture is divided into visual texture and tactile texture. Visual texture is a kind of texture felt by the eyes, such as stripes and patterns on the screen, but they are all two-dimensional textures. Tactile texture is generally obtained through processing methods such as compression, die cutting, and engraving. It is a three-dimensional texture that can be felt by touch. In graphic design, more and more designers use the texture and texture of special paper to design many outstanding and outstanding works.
Special paper has a better texture and texture than ordinary paper, and provides inexhaustible materials for design from the macro or micro world.
Application of special paper in printing design
There are many types of special paper, and the design effects are also different. This article only introduces the application of several commonly used special paper.
1. Plant parchment (sulfuric acid paper)
Plant parchment paper is a kind of denatured processed paper that is made of thick paper made from plant fibers and treated with sulfuric acid to change its original properties. It is translucent, with fewer pores in the paper, and the paper is tough and tight, and it can be waxed, coated, embossed or wrinkled. Its appearance is easily confused with tracing paper.
Because it is translucent paper, in modern design, sulfuric acid paper is often used as a ring liner or liner for books. This can better highlight and highlight the theme, and it is in line with modern trends. Sometimes used as the title page of a book or picture book. It is unique in printing gold, silver or graphics on sulfuric acid paper, and is generally used in high-end picture albums. as shown in picture 2.
2. Synthetic paper (polymer paper and plastic paper)
Synthetic paper is made of synthetic resin (such as PP, PE, PS, etc.) as the main raw material. After a certain process, the resin is melted, extruded and stretched into a film, and then processed into paper, giving it the natural plant fiber whiteness Materials obtained from opacity and printability. Generally, synthetic paper is divided into two categories: one is fiber synthetic paper and the other is film-based synthetic paper.
Synthetic paper is no different from ordinary natural plant fiber paper in appearance. Film-based synthetic paper has entered the market of high-quality printing paper and can adapt to a variety of printing machines. The synthetic paper currently used in the market refers only to film-based synthetic paper. If books, advertisements, manuals, etc. printed on synthetic paper are not marked, the average consumer cannot see the difference between it and ordinary paper.
Synthetic paper has excellent printing performance, and no "paper break" phenomenon occurs during printing; the surface of the synthetic paper presents very small irregularities, which is very helpful for improving opacity and printing suitability; the synthetic paper image reproduces well, The dots are clear, the color tone is soft, the size is stable, and it is not easy to age. The printing effect of synthetic paper is shown in Figure 3. It is worth noting that when using offset printing, professional synthetic paper offset printing ink should be used.
3. Embossed paper
(1) The characteristics of embossed paper adopt the method of mechanical embossing or crepe paper to form a concave and convex pattern on the surface of paper or cardboard. Embossed paper improves its decorative effect by embossing, making the paper more textured. In recent years, embossing on the surface of printing paper has become more and more common. Color dyed paper such as offset paper, coated paper, whiteboard paper, and white card paper are embossed (grained) before printing. Increasing the grade of paper also brings higher added value to paper sales. Many papers used for flexible packaging often use embossing methods before or after printing to improve the visual effects of packaging and decoration and increase the value of the goods. Therefore, embossing has become an important method of paper processing.
(2) Processing methods of embossed paper There are two methods of processing embossed paper. First, after the paper is produced, the pattern is added mechanically to become embossed paper; second, after the flat base paper is dried, it is put into the embossing machine for further processing, and then pressed by two rollers, one of which is With embossed patterns, the paper will be embossed into patterns after passing through. Because the texture of embossed paper is deep, usually only one side of the paper is embossed.
(3) Types of embossing Embossing can be divided into two types: embossing with plate and embossing without plate. The so-called set embossing is to press the printed flower shape and press the printed flower shape into a concave-convex shape to make the pattern bulge, which can play the role of beautiful decoration.
Non-plate embossing means that the embossed pattern has no direct relationship with the printed pattern. There are many types of embossed patterns. Such as cloth pattern, diagonal cloth pattern, straight stripe, Yalian net, orange skin pattern, straight net pattern, needle net pattern, egg skin pattern, sack pattern, plaid pattern, leather pattern, scalp pattern, linen pattern, gear stripe, etc. This non-overprint embossing is widely used in embossed printing paper, coated book cover paper, patent cover paper, plastic synthetic paper, plant parchment paper and other decorative materials.
Most of the domestic embossed paper is made of offset paper and whiteboard paper. The surface is rough, textured, expressive, and diverse. Many art designers prefer to use this kind of paper, and use it to make covers or title pages of books or albums to express different personalities.
4. Pattern paper designers and printers are constantly seeking unique design styles to make their works stand out. Many times pattern paper can make them icing on the cake. This type of high-quality paper products has a soft touch, a gorgeous appearance, and the finished product is more noble and pleasing. There are many varieties of pattern paper, each with its own characteristics, which is higher than ordinary paper. Pattern paper can be divided into the following types:
(1) Dip net paper copy net is the most traditional and commonly used method to make paper texture. This process is generally inserted in the papermaking process. The wet paper is placed between two absorbent soft flannels, and the line texture of the flannel will be printed on the paper. This process is divided into single-sided or double-sided printing. The lines and patterns of the screen paper such as gangue stripe paper are looming and soft in texture. Some imported screen papers contain cotton, so the texture is softer and natural and the toughness is full, suitable for packaging printing.
(2) Antique effect paper Many customers and graphic designers have a special liking for high-quality, plain non-coated paper, and love the warmth and richness of this kind of paper. In addition, book publishers also require more durable paper, but also hope that the paper is fresh and stiff to ensure stable and consistent printing results. The products designed with antique effect paper are simple, beautiful and elegant. As shown in Figure 7.
(3) The environmental protection trend of doping and special effect paper is very popular. Spotted paper came into being. In order to achieve the effect of natural recycling, various impurities are added to the pulp. The amount and size of the doped matter must be properly controlled. If the number of paper dots is too large, it will destroy the graphic effect, and if it is too small, it will give a sticky feeling. There are a variety of doped papers on the market for users to choose from, and some environmentally friendly recycled papers are added with impurities such as ore, snow, petals and so on. Its copying techniques include adding dyes during the sizing process to form spots on the paper or create a parchment effect. This kind of paper is very popular with consumers, and it is the first choice for various certificates, book covers, restaurant recipes and wine lists. Due to the appearance of paper with special effects, designers often use it as the first choice paper for printing simple prints and boring and odorless manuscripts, such as various financial statements of listed companies ’annual reports.
(4) Both non-coated pattern paper printers and designers unanimously admire beautiful and good-feel non-coated paper. In order to achieve a beautiful visual effect for printed products, it has a high-end gorgeous feeling. The natural texture of uncoated copy paper and the printability of coated paper are both compatible. Both sides of this paper are specially treated to reduce the water absorption of the paper, so that the ink remains on the surface of the paper, making the ink texture better. The series of metal pearlescent paper can change with the different viewing angles of human eyes, and the effect after printing is better.
(5) Gang Gu Paper The special paper of the Gang Gu brand was created in 1888. It was originally adopted the Conqueror London Castle watermark. It was not changed to the knight plus English watermark until the early 1990s. This distinctive watermark is world-renowned and has become a symbol and code name for high-quality business, writing, and printing paper. It is sold in more than 80 countries and regions around the world and is loved by hotels, banks, enterprises, and even government agencies everywhere. Ganggu paper is divided into several categories: nobility, slip surface, texture, concept, digital and so on.
(6) The color tone of "Ningcai" pearlescent pattern paper can produce different color feelings according to the change of viewing angle. Its luster is formed by the light diffusely refracted to the surface of the paper, with a "sparkling silver" effect, so printing patterns with metallic characteristics will be excellent. It is suitable for making all kinds of high-end, exquisite and modern fashion prints. The cover of a high-end book or the cover of a hardcover book.
The paper surface is smooth and smooth, suitable for various printing processes and processing methods, such as four-color offset printing, rolling cutting, hot stamping, etc.
It is recommended to use oxidized conjunctiva dry ink, the gloss of the ink may not be as good as the gloss of the paper itself.
(7) "Star mining" metal pattern paper Metal "Star mining" pattern paper is a kind of artistic paper that breaks through the traditional and new concept. It not only maintains the classics and aesthetics inherent in high-quality paper, but also uniquely has a metallic tone on both sides, which is luxurious and not tacky, steady and not public, making it show a strong temperament that is very different from ordinary art paper.
The metal “star mining†adopts a new process, its metal characteristics will never fall off, and the paper surface is smooth, but it adds infinite courage to the printing effect. It is suitable for various printing technologies and special processes, especially the hot stamping process. which performed. When printing, it is recommended that the screen line be between 130 and 150 lines / inch. When printing on dark metal pattern paper, the ink color should be increased.
Metal "star mining" can produce all kinds of high-end prints, such as paper used as product samples, covers for annual reports and books, and for various packaging boxes.
(8) Gold paper Gold paper has a qualitative difference from traditional gold foil. Traditional gold foil can only be printed by means of transparent materials, and cannot be directly colored for printing. Using 24K gold as the material and using gold paper developed by nano high technology, it can not only print color images directly on the gold, but also retain the style and performance of the gold. It has the characteristics of anti-oxidation, anti-discoloration, moisture resistance, and mothproof. It avoids the shortcomings of traditional paper books that are easy to mold and moths, and can theoretically be stored for 10,000 years. The gold paper used in "China's Flourishing Age" is the latest generation of new-generation products with higher technological content and cultural content. Its appearance is more similar to ancient rice paper and news newspapers, especially its flame retardancy has achieved a major breakthrough for the first time. The 20 gold editions of the main text are printed in four colors in the "Economic Daily" format, with pictures and texts, a total of nearly 160,000 characters, and 300 gold edition pictures such as characters and scenery. The amount of gold paper and the layout are unprecedented.
In addition, special paper is also dyed in various colors in addition to different paper types, and the decorative effect is very strong. Special paper has many advantages, but special paper also has some shortcomings.
First, the price is more expensive. Ordinary embossed paper is much more expensive than similar paper of the same amount. Therefore, the large-volume albums printed with embossed paper cannot be afforded by customers due to price factors, so they are generally only used for the design and printing of covers or important materials.
Second, most specialty papers have good absorbency and strong penetration, but because of the uneven texture, the ink penetrates into the gaps during printing, especially the large-area solid plate, which is difficult to dry and easy to stick. When printing four-color overprinted characters, the tone is dull. When consumers who do not like soft tones do not understand why the colors printed on special paper are not bright enough, when printing on special paper, be sure to communicate the printing effect to the customer to avoid unnecessary losses.
Third, when printing on colored special paper, it should be noted that four-color images cannot be printed on the surface of dark special paper. It can only print inks with metallic luster or spot colors, such as gold, silver, spot colors, etc.
For example, when printing a four-color mesh tone image on the surface of light beige special paper such as light beige, light green, light blue, light pink, etc., the phenomenon of color cast will appear. Generally, the tone will be biased to the color of the paper surface. Therefore, it is best not to use colored paper to print the mesh tone image when designing. However, if you can correctly use the works designed with different styles and different colors of special paper, there will be unexpected special effects, which will add icing to your works and add a lot of color.
Fourth, the use of various post-press processing methods on the surface of special paper will also produce different styles. Such as hot stamping and uneven embossing on the surface of special paper are very good.
Conclusion
There are many types of specialty papers, which are the collective name of various special-purpose papers or art papers. Now, sellers refer to embossed papers and other art papers as specialty papers, mainly to simplify the term confusion caused by the wide variety. Designers and printing houses should pay special attention when choosing. Sometimes the varieties are a little different, and the price difference is very large. Whether it is ordinary paper or special paper, the surface has different textures. The delicate and white feelings are different. We can make different choices according to the surface properties of the substrate, and design works that are trendy, personalized, and have different styles to show the theme of the design, so that the printed matter has Practicality and aesthetics.
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