Discussion on the Application of IC Truck Ticket in Railway Passenger Transport System

With the gradual completion of the national railway ticket sales computer network system, China's railway ticket has been changed from the original paper card type to the bar code paper ticket, which greatly improved the railway passenger transport service level. However, the current ticket system still has many defects, such as: ticket change and error, inconvenience of passenger ticket purchase, ticket forgery, passenger flow information lag. At present, non-contact IC cards have been widely adopted by many transportation systems at home and abroad, and have achieved good results. In the long run, the ticket system reform of China's railway passenger transport should follow the path of IC cards.

1 Reasons for selecting IC card for railway passenger ticket system

The IC card is also called a smart card. It is a microprocessor embedded in a card. It can store values ​​and can be recycled. It is divided into contact and non-contact. In the current transportation toll network system, there are two kinds of ticket media for the stored value ticket: magnetic card and contactless smart card. Compared with magnetic cards and magnetic card systems, IC cards and IC card systems have the following advantages:

(1) Excellent performance: Although both IC cards and magnetic cards are handheld cards, their data storage functions are different. The data of the IC card is stored in the integrated circuit, and the amount of information is large; the data of the magnetic card is stored on the tape and the amount of information is small.
(2) High security performance: The IC card uses data encryption technology, which has high security and strong anti-interference ability; while the data on the magnetic card is easily forged or falsified, and is easily damaged by external magnetic fields, and the anti-interference ability is poor.
(3) Low cost: Because the IC card system performs electrical signal processing, its structure is electronic components or integrated circuit components, no motor is required to provide power, and there is no magnetic head, so the cost of the system can be greatly reduced. The magnetic card system includes optical, electrical, magnetic and mechatronic technologies, which is complicated in structure and high in cost.
(4) High stability: The information exchange between the IC card and the host computer provides information transmission channels through contacts or electromagnetic induction. Therefore, when reading and writing, the IC card is stationary relative to the host, there is no relative mechanical motion, and the IC card is stationary at a low level. Functional consumption is beneficial to system stability. When the magnetic card system reads and writes, the magnetic card needs to move to the read or write head for reading or writing. After the write operation, the magnetic card is moved to the underside of the inspection head for reading and the information read is checked. If the test fails, it is necessary to re-write. In addition to dirty heads, the same magnetic card sometimes has "read errors" or verification errors on different devices. Therefore, the stability and reliability of the magnetic card system is much lower than that of the IC card system.
(5) Low operating and maintenance costs: The IC card system has a simple structure and a modular structure. When repairing, only components or components are replaced, and the maintenance personnel's skill requirements are not high. Some components in the IC card system are very cheap, and the entire reader device is only about $500. In the magnetic card system, some components can cost as much as tens or even thousands of dollars.
(6) Long service life and high reliability: The number of write cycles of the IC card is 100,000 times, reading indefinite times, and the life of the magnetic card is about 2000 times. The IC card system belongs to the category of electronic products. It is a curing component with a simple structure and does not require frequent routine maintenance, so it has a long service life. Therefore, although the current cost of the IC card is relatively high, the single-use cost is lower than that of the magnetic card because of its long service life.
(7) Low energy consumption: The IC card system is designed to work in a low-power mode, and its power is only a few tens of watts. The magnetic card system uses a motor with a large power consumption as a transmission device, and its power consumption is about 300W. Therefore, for the automatic ticket checking system of uninterrupted power supply, the magnetic card system consumes a large amount of energy.

In addition to the above advantages, the contactless smart card has the characteristics of simple operation, no wear, high processing speed, parallel operation, and strong environmental adaptability, so it is more suitable for high-density and large-flow passenger transportation in China.

2 The necessity of IC card application in railway passenger transportation system

2.1 IC card ticket system is the development trend of world railway passenger transport

At the 4th session of the World Railway Research Conference, the development model of the ticket-free auto show was to replace the paper ticket with an IC card by issuing a contactless smart card to realize online booking and ticket purchase, electronic payment, automatic ticket checking, and ticket inspection. To realize the informationization of passenger transportation, after China's accession to the WTO, in order to be in line with international standards, China's railway passenger transportation industry should consider adopting the IC card ticket system.

2.2 IC card ticket system is the need of China's "golden card project"

The national "golden card project", that is, the electronic money project, is a cross-system, cross-regional, and cross-century social system project. Through the computer network system, the credit card is used as a medium to realize the currency circulation in the form of electronic information transfer. As a window of the country's key industries, the railway passenger transport system should be at the forefront of the “golden card project”.

2.3 IC card ticket system is the need of railway development

Management informationization is the goal of China's railway development, and IC truck tickets are an important part of railway passenger transportation informationization. It plays an important role in further improving the quality of railway services, improving the railway image, and promoting railway social information services.

2.4 The issuance of IC truck tickets is the need for the railway to win market competition.

With the further development of civil aviation, highway and waterway transportation, the competition in the transportation market is increasingly intensified. Coupled with the development of computer networks, the popularity of e-commerce, people are accustomed to online transactions, and the awareness of services is increasing. Railway passenger transport must change its concept and be people-oriented. It is convenient for passengers to purchase tickets and meet people's travel requirements in order to grasp and continuously expand the passenger market share.

3 IC card in the overall concept of the application of railway passenger transport system

3.1 IC card system composition

The IC card application system includes a full ticketing center management system, a regional database management system, a card issuing machine, a recharge machine, an automatic ticket vending machine, an automatic ticket checking machine, and a gate machine.

(1) Management system of the whole ticket management center: The management system of the whole ticket management center is set up in the railway department. The main functions are basic data management (full station name, freight mileage, dictionary), full passenger transportation planning and scheduling, passenger traffic statistics and Forecast, freight rate management, international ticketing interconnection (management of international train tickets), system monitoring, passenger agent business, inquiry, system maintenance.
(2) Regional database management system: The regional database management system is set up in the road bureau or branch office (multiple road bureaus can be set up according to needs). The main functions are basic data management, agent library access, and INTERNET interconnection (for online ticketing and online recharge). ), database interconnection in other regions, regional passenger transportation planning and scheduling, financial settlement and clearing, revenue review, security management and inquiries.
(3) Card issuing machine recharge machine: The card issuing machine and the recharge machine are installed in the station and the area with large population flow, and are operated by full-time personnel.
The card issuing machine is used for the initialization of the IC card, and the issuing code is stored in the blank card, and the key of the reader/writer and the access rights of different contents in the card are determined. The initialized IC card can be recharged for the first time and put into use. The first recharge will write the recharge amount, card type and personal password in the card. The system will record the following information: card serial number, card type, card issue date, card issue time, recharge amount and so on. After the IC card is shipped from the factory, each card has a unique serial number, which can realize the follow-up of each card consumption record and recharge record, and facilitate the database management system to manage and collect statistics on each IC card.
The recharge machine is used for recharging the IC card. Each recharge operation records the following information: card serial number, card type, original balance in card, recharge amount, latest balance, recharge date, recharge time, operator, recharge machine number, etc. You can print a receipt as needed.
(4) Automatic ticket vending machine: The automatic ticket vending machine is set in the station, commercial area, and deep into the residential area, used for booking, pre-sale, sale, returning the train tickets of the country, each operation record card number, amount, train number, date, seat, Operating time, and can print receipts as needed.
(5) Automatic ticket inspection machine: The automatic inspection ticket machine is set at the ticket gate of the station, the exit port, and the train door. It is used for ticket inspection, and can complete the functions of identification, authentication, backup, card reading and alarm display of IC truck tickets. It is also possible to output a pulse to the outside to control the gate.
(6) Gate: The gate is installed at the ticket gate and the exit port. It can monitor whether there are passengers passing through, and can decide whether to perform functions such as release, prohibition and alarm according to the output of the ticket gate.

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