CCTV says American University has conducted two human trials of genetically modified rice in China
Bai Yansong:
In August this year, a scientific journal in the United States published a paper saying that genetically modified rice is very effective in supplementing vitamin A for children. Unexpectedly, the publication of this paper quickly caused an uproar around us. Why? Because the paper emphasizes that in 2008, in a primary school in Hunan Province, China, dozens of children had consumed genetically modified rice rich in carotene, which is important evidence for the paper. This is amazing. First, this genetically modified rice is not marketed in any country in the world. Second, without the approval of the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture. Third, there is a risk in the experiment. Why do you try it with Chinese children? Several Chinese collaborators, who did this? Fifth, someone lied, who would he be? Sixth, seventh ... There are too many question marks, "Newsweek" focuses on genetically modified rice this week, dangerous experiment .
ã€Video 1】 Suspicious Cloud of Golden Rice
A set of newspaper headlines: A "Hybrid" experiment, a "golden rice" experiment, and Hengyang's "golden rice" experiment: only the truth can be safe
Commentary: This is the paper that caused an uproar in this week, "Beta Carotene in Golden Rice and Beta Carotene in Oil Capsules are equally effective for children to supplement vitamin A." This article was published in "American Clinical Nutrition on August 1st" The article on the "Science Magazine" website stated that experiments conducted in a primary school in Hunan, China have proved that "golden rice" is as effective as supplementing vitamin A and beta-carotene capsules for children. Because this so-called "golden rice" is a kind of genetically modified rice, it immediately evolved into "American scientific research institutions used Chinese children to do genetically modified rice experiments after the incident was disclosed."
A set of newspaper headline transitions
Newspaper broadcast: "But Hunan Hengyang said that the research project did not involve genetically modified rice", "China Disease Control Center denied" China Disease Control Center issued a statement on the 5th evening to respond to the Golden Rice incident, denied the organization of genetically modified products Golden Rice rumors "
Commentary: On September 1st, Hunan Hengyang City Information Office denied via Weibo that it had direct relations with any organization in the United States and abroad. This week, the Hunan Agriculture Department also stated that the genetically modified rice experiment has never been approved. The Chinese Center for Disease Control also issued a statement denying the organization of human experiments with genetically modified golden rice, and will conduct further investigations.
Scene: This question please one hundred rest assured
Commentary: Jiangkou Central Primary School in Hengyang, Hunan Province, because 68 students of the school participated in a study on the efficiency of the conversion of carotenoids in plants into vitamin A in children four years ago, making them the focus of attention this week. In the past few days, with the news reports, more and more parents began to call the person in charge of Hunan Jiangkou Central Primary School.
In the same period: parents asked what he ate at the time. He was working in Guangdong and worried about eating golden rice
Commentary: Watching various government departments come out to investigate, they feel that this matter is serious, and whether more tension will affect the child's body. According to reports, the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition published by the paper was rated as the most authoritative journal in the field of nutrition by the American Institute of Scientific Information. There are seven authors of this paper, the first author is Tang Guangwen of Tufts University, the second to fourth authors are Hu Yuming of the Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Yin Shian, Wang Yin of Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences. Although it is certain that the "a primary school in Hunan Province" mentioned in the paper is Jiangkou Central Primary School, they all denied that the experiment used golden rice.
Over the same period: Hu Yuming's second author, Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention: So far, I'm still in the clouds and fog, and after I saw that paper on Saturday, the paper did not match what we did. Because we did n’t involve GM rice at all. Without this experiment, I did n’t participate in this experiment. I did n’t have this GM rice experiment.
Commentary: Compared with the second author who has been confused so far, the third author, Yin Shi'an of the Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, not only read the paper before the publication of this paper, but also on it Signed. After this week's "golden rice" incident continued to heat up, he also contacted Tang Guangwen.
In the same period: Yin Shi'an the third author of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Nutrition and Food Safety Researcher: I talked to her about the domestic situation, genetically modified rice and the media, she also gave me feedback, she said you look How to say it.
Commentary: Yin Shian said he had not seen golden rice at the scene. The reason why he signed the paper "Beta-carotene in golden rice and β-carotene in oil capsules are equally effective for children to supplement vitamin A" was negligent.
In the same period: Yin Shi'an the third author of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Research Fellow: We are trusting each other, look at this article written by each other, we mainly look at whether our data is involved.
Commentary: On Friday, the Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, where the fourth author of the paper, Wang Yin, also issued a statement admitting that they did provide an ethical review for the genetically modified "golden rice" human trial in 2003, but during the project time, the project Not implemented.
Over the same period: Ni Ya, Associate Dean of Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences: The implementation time of this project was from March 1, 2004 to February 28, 2005. It was not implemented after it was granted to her at this time.
Commentary: The Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences said that Wang Yin has not been to the scene in Hunan, has not experienced or seen "Golden Rice" in the whole process, nor has he signed an informed consent with anyone on the "Golden Rice" trial. This week Fourth, Andrea Grossman, Assistant Director of Public Relations at Tufts University Health Science Center, also responded that it was convening a meeting of relevant departments to understand this matter. Now, the paper involves three Chinese authors who strongly denied the "Gold The "Rice" experiment, is that the first author Tang Guangwen is falsifying, or is the Chinese researcher lying? The "golden rice incident" that is constantly fermenting is still foggy.
Bai Yansong:
Up to now, it is still a mystery whether the children in Hunan eat genetically modified rice or not, which puzzles us. Things are not complicated. If the author of the thesis lied and the children had never eaten rice, then they would not be confused in the scientific community in the future; and if they did, it was a serious mistake, and scientific experiments went beyond the boundaries. More importantly, if you eat it, how do you cross the line, boldly doing things that you should not do, not allow to do, or cannot do? How did this process be done? Looking back four years ago, in 2008, if the child Really eaten, it is difficult for their parents to say "no", maybe it is still a good thing, and the school may not know so much scientific truth, or a lie named in the name of science. Such a thought is even more terrible. What about this matter? Is there such a thing?
ã€Video 2】
Commentary: This article by Tang Guangwen elaborated on the selection of 23 primary school students aged 6 to 8 years in the Jiangkou Primary School of Hengyang City, Hunan Province in 2008 to conduct experiments on the transformation of "golden rice" in children. And this week, when the reporter went to Hengyang to investigate, he found that the locals had little knowledge of the "golden rice" experiment that year.
On-site: The staff took the reporter to visit the cafeteria
Chen Lilan, a teacher of Jiangkou Town Center: I ate here at dinner. // The students were divided into two groups. (Reporter: Is there any difference between the two groups?) The difference may be the combination of vegetables and vegetables.
Liao Xueyuan, deputy principal of Jiangkou Town Central Primary School: Fish was ordered from our Fuan Village, Jiangkou, meat was bought from our farmers ’market, and vegetables, including pumpkin, winter melon and potatoes, were bought from our farmers’ market.
Wu Cambridge, Deputy Director of Hengnan County Center for Disease Control: (Reporter: What rice did the students eat at the time?) I remember it was Taohua Township ’s rice.
Parent He Xiaobin: Because I live not far from the school, I have seen it and I have seen it. Just a few tens of meters away, just go and see, the child is inside. // Eating normal rice.
Commentary: When recalling the experiment in 2008, everyone in the local area didn't feel anything unusual. To put it bluntly, the students were given local vegetables and rice without any foreign food. In the paper of Tang Guangwen, a Chinese female professor at Tufts University in the United States, Tang Guangwen not only brought spinach and carotene from the United States, but also genetically modified food "golden rice".
Interview: Yin Shian
It is provided free of charge by Tufts University in the United States. He provided these labeled spinach and beta carotene. (Reporter: Did you bring golden rice?) I ca n’t remember this, because I could n’t remember how to pick it up.
Commentary: Yin Shian, a researcher at the Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the Chinese Center for Disease Control, is the person in charge of this pilot project. In the interview, he flashed the question of whether "golden rice" was brought to China. He explained to the 2008 experiment that it was the content of a National Natural Science Foundation project that he had undertaken, and repeatedly emphasized that it was not related to the "Golden Rice" experiment conducted by Tu Guangwen of Tufts University, but only two experiments. Both of them have research contents on the conversion efficiency of carotenoids in spinach, and because the two people have known each other for many years, and have had business trust with each other, so the field work of the two projects was merged together.
Interview: Yin Shi'an Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, China Center for Disease Control
According to our plan, it is divided into three groups: a spinach group, a β-carotene group, and one we originally wanted to make carrots. Finally, the carrots sample is not enough. // Actually our group is a blank control.
Commentary: Back to Tang Guangwen's thesis, we can clearly see that the whole experiment was conducted in two stages, the preparatory period and the experimental period. And the real food for the students to bring to the United States for experimentation is only the lunch at 12 noon on the "zero day" shown in the chart. Obviously, "zero days" is a very important time point for this experiment. For this day's experiment, the program chart in the paper clearly indicated that the students were divided into three groups, one group eating carotene, one group eating spinach, and one group eating genetically modified food "golden rice". However, Yin Shian was vague about this, only saying that in addition to the two groups of carrots and spinach, the other is a blank control group.
Interview: Yin Shi'an Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, China Center for Disease Control
During the whole test, there was only one "zero day". // Just a little bit, a few spinach leaves should be 3 grams, unequal grams of spinach leaves, // I also take this beta-carotene capsule on zero days,
Commentary: For the experimental food for students, Yin Shi'an also only emphasized that only spinach and carotene, not mentioning "golden rice". In the paper, it is clearly stated in the "serum sample analysis chart" that the students who eat "golden rice" have 12 boys and 11 girls. They even wrote in detail about the cultivation, production, storage and the details of bringing gold rice to China. process.
Interview: Yin Shi'an Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, China Center for Disease Control
(Reporter: Is it possible that Dr. Tang ate the golden rice for the students when you were not there.) If you do, everyone should be able to see or know on the spot. (Reporter: You are the project leader, do you know?) I do n’t know about this project.
Commentary: As the person in charge of the project partner with the United States and the only third author who was notified and signed to publish the paper, Yin Shian kept a close eye on the content of "golden rice".
Subtitle: At present, the Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Health and China Center for Disease Control are conducting further investigations on this matter.
Bai Yansong:
Whether you eat genetically modified rice is definitely harmful to your child's health, or beneficial, which is not necessarily true. But the danger or risk is here. We face too many controversies and uncertainties in the face of genetically modified foods. Why strict supervision and why must we report to the Ministry of Agriculture for approval? It is precisely because of this uncertainty and controversy. After all, until now, Golden Rice has not been licensed for listing in any country in the world. In this context, if you let your child try it, it will be too scary and worrying. Everything is still a mystery. Is there a solution to this mystery?
Video Three: The Mystery of Golden Rice
Commentary: This is a group photo of golden rice and ordinary rice. The white rice on the far left has zero vitamin A or carotene content. The middle one is a generation of golden rice. Due to the implantation of genes of daffodils and certain bacteria, it has the ability to synthesize carotene. It contains about 1.6 mg of carotene per kilogram. On the far right is the second generation of golden rice, which has been modified and upgraded to contain up to 37 mg of carotene per kg. It is generally believed that this kind of genetically modified rice, ordinary children eat dozens of grams a day, can meet half of the body's vitamin A needs. This is the second-generation product of Golden Rice in the doctoral thesis of Tang Guangwen of Tufts University.
Telephone interview with Yun Wuxin, a member of the Purdue University PhD in Food Engineering Science Squirrel Association: This (Tufts) university should be said that in the United States, it is not a particularly famous university, but it is also a very regular university. This university is quite famous in food nutrition. The laboratory of Tang Guangwen is a laboratory of the United States Department of Agriculture. This laboratory is like a university in China that is not particularly famous. You have a key laboratory of the Ministry of Education or a certain ministry. Tang Guangwen himself, in Golden Rice In the field, it should be said to be a relatively important researcher.
Commentary: When Golden Rice was developed in 2000, it caused a huge sensation and controversy. Its inventor, Professor Pochox from Switzerland, was selected as the cover character by Time magazine on July 31 of that year, with a side The title is: "This kind of rice can save millions of children every year, but protesters believe that genetically modified foods are harmful to us and our planet." Prior to this, the World Health Organization had published data that there are more than 250,000 children worldwide every year Because of the lack of vitamin A, many children become ill due to vitamin A deficiency and even die. Most of these children are distributed in poor areas of Asia and Africa. They have no chance to eat more meat and fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A. If they can invent a carotene-rich rice for them to eat, it will be a good way because carrots Vegetarian can synthesize vitamin A in the human body.
Yun Wuxin: At that time, for the golden rice, a humanitarian committee called (Golden Rice) was created to promote the benefit of humanity.
Commentary: The Golden Rice Humanitarian Committee is an organization composed of a group of scientific research workers, including Bochuks. They are committed to promoting the legalization of Golden Rice, believing that it can benefit millions of children in poor areas. However, Golden Rice has not obtained a marketing license in any country so far. There are various speculations about the reasons. Some people believe that Golden Rice is the first product of human genetically modified crops, and the first product to be completely consumed by genetically modified parts is highly dangerous; More than one heterogeneous gene has been transferred into golden rice, and the risks are unknown. Regarding the human test of golden rice, it had only been conducted in the United States in 2009 before, and that time the test subjects were adults. This time, the trial for Chinese “children†was funded by the National Institutes of Medicine.
Yun Wuxin: The National Institutes of Medicine is equivalent to that of the Ministry of Health, and all American medical funds are in their hands. The Golden Rice project was funded by NIH (National Institute of Medical Sciences). This experiment in the United States complies with all the ethical and legal requirements of the United States. The question now is that when it came to China, China was different from the United States. China has many regulations of its own. Does this experiment meet the regulations of China? ?
Commentary: So far, no department including the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Health, and Food and Drug Administration has approved Tufts University in the United States to come to China to conduct gold rice-related tests. Even China ’s customs has not allowed gold Imports of GM crops such as rice. If it was indeed brought into China and conducted a human experiment, then there is no doubt that this experiment violates Chinese laws.
Telephone interview: Zheng Xueqian, executive director of the Chinese Society of Health Law: scientific tests must also be approved by relevant national authorities. The products tested must be qualified by relevant national authorities before you can be used in the test. Without this set of procedures, it is definitely not in line with the law.
Commentary: The Golden Rice experiment in Hengyang is still confusing so far. This week, on the website created by the Golden Rice Humanitarian Committee, we found another message: In addition to the Hunan children ’s experiment, Golden Rice has also been conducted in China. Adults try to eat the test, where is the test and who will perform the test? More mysteries still need to be solved!
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