Influencing factors of microbial distribution in acid mine wastewater

With the rapid development of global industrialization, the development of mineral resources is further intensified, and the resulting acid mine wastewater (AMD) has become one of the main sources of water pollution in many countries. If the acid mine wastewater is discharged without treatment, it will cause a large area of ​​acid pollution and heavy metal pollution. It can corrode mine equipment and concrete structures such as pipelines, pumps, and rails, and also endanger human health. In addition, acidic water will pollute water sources and harm fish and other aquatic organisms; irrigating farmland with acidic water will cause soil compaction and yellowing of crops, and as acidity increases, some heavy metal ions in wastewater will be converted from insoluble compounds to soluble ions State, toxicity increased.

There are several methods for the treatment of acid mine wastewater: neutralization method, constructed wetland method, sulfide precipitation method and microbial method. Among them, the microbiological method is to use sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) to reduce the sulfate in AMD to sulfide under anaerobic conditions. The generated sulfide then reacts with the heavy metals in the wastewater to produce insoluble metal sulfides. Because of the better treatment effect of microbial technology, the cost is also lower, and there is no secondary pollution, so it has been widely concerned.

Domestic scientists have studied the distribution of microbial communities in 59 AMD samples from 14 regions in southeastern China. Through 454 sequencing of the 16SrRNA gene of microorganisms in AMD samples, the sequencing results were analyzed for species distribution and clustering, and it was finally found that the main factor affecting the microbial community is not the region, but environmental changes, such as iron ions, sulfuric acid Root ions, organic matter content, etc., related academic papers were published in ISME (International Society for Microbial Ecology), a sub-journal of Nature.

The study of the distribution of microbial communities in different environments has deepened people's understanding of microbial diversity in extreme environments, and has certain theoretical and practical significance for the future treatment and control of AMD using microbial technology.

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