Formaldehyde knowledge question and answer

First, what is formaldehyde?

A: Formaldehyde is a colorless and easily soluble gas with irritating odor. Its chemical formula is HCHO, also known as formic aldehyde. Aqueous formaldehyde solution is a commonly used preservative - formalin. It is an aldehyde compound attributed to organic chemicals. It can harden proteins to achieve antiseptic effect. Formaldehyde is the most widely used chemical raw material in the wood-based panel industry and is the main raw material for the manufacture of urea-formaldehyde resins and melamine resins.

Second, why is there a toxic gas in the indoor air - free formaldehyde?

A: Because in our living room, both home improvement and furniture are made of a large number of artificial panels. In the artificial board, a large amount of synthetic adhesive is needed, and formaldehyde is the main raw material for manufacturing adhesives and glues. At present, no synthetic monomer which is cheaper and more adhesive than formaldehyde has been found to replace it.

The formaldehyde-containing rubber has the advantages of low cost, easy availability of raw materials, simple process, convenient use, and the like, and is widely used in the manufacture of various artificial boards. At present, the world's wood industry adhesives account for about 70% of the total adhesive production, while the wood industry adhesives account for 65% - 70%. Because the cost of urine aldehyde resin is the lowest, this ratio is higher in China.

Urea-formaldehyde resin glue is made up of a certain ratio (molar ratio) of urea and formaldehyde. The molar ratio is high, the curing speed of the resin is fast, the bonding strength is good, but the free formaldehyde content is high, the molar ratio is low, and the free formaldehyde in the rubber is lowered. However, the storage stability of the glue is poor, the viscosity of the glue is lowered, and the quality of the sheet cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, the generation of free formaldehyde from the formaldehyde resin is inevitable in a certain sense. What we control is only to reduce the free formaldehyde.

Third, why in the glue of urine aldehyde resin will certainly contain a large amount of free formaldehyde?

Answer: Because the normal ratio of formaldehyde in the synthesis of urea-formaldehyde resin is 1:1.75~1.9, the ratio in actual production is more than 2 times and 3 times, up to more than 3 times, and the viscosity of high-grade glue is high. Ok, the curing speed is fast. So in urine aldehyde resin and so on. Adhesives such as urine aldehyde resin have a certain amount of unreacted formaldehyde in the glue. This part of formaldehyde will be released into free formaldehyde during the production of wood-based panels and after the production of the board. Therefore, the newly produced sheet is released. The free formaldehyde content is generally higher.

What is more serious is that the urine formaldehyde resin will separate the free formaldehyde after being heated and damp, so it is released in the artificial board of free formaldehyde in a few years or even more than ten years. This is the hazard of formaldehyde and the reason why formaldehyde is recognized as the number one public enemy of indoor air pollution.

It is for these reasons that we often feel the presence of formaldehyde hazards in the hot summer months or when there is sufficient heating in the north.

4. Where are the main places of free formaldehyde in our daily lives?

In the environment of daily life, free formaldehyde is mainly hidden in:

(1) Various artificial panels for home decoration such as: plywood, MDF, blockboard, particleboard and laminate flooring and woodworking glue.

(2) Furniture: The production of solid wood for modern furniture has been greatly reduced. A large number of artificial boards are used in large quantities, and glue containing formaldehyde is also used.

(3) Various decorative materials and accessories that have been treated with adhesives or treated with insects and preservatives, such as chemical fiber carpets, wallpaper or wall coverings, curtains, foam adhesives, paints, coatings, waterproofing agents for construction, and expansion. And some clothing and textiles.

5. How long is the release period of aldehyde?

A: The release period of formaldehyde is generally 5 to 10 years. Especially in the first three years, the amount of formaldehyde released is very high, which is extremely harmful to the human body, especially children, the elderly and those with weak resistance.

6. What harm does formaldehyde have on our human body?

Formaldehyde is a colorless and easily soluble toxic gas that stimulates the human senses. The harm to the human body through the respiratory tract is as follows:

Concentration (ppm) symptoms

50.0 causes pneumonia, sometimes leading to death

20.0 5-10 minutes will cause acute poisoning

10.0 Cannot perform normal breathing

4.0 Eyes are irritated by tears

2.0-3.0 Nose or eye irritation

1.0 Living in this environment for 5 years, 14 of 10,000 people will get cancer

0.5 odor causes unpleasant feeling

0.2 Eyes are irritating

0.08 World Health Organization (WHO) standards

0.04 has a odor, sensitive children can cause atopic dermatitis

In addition, even if the formaldehyde dose is low, it is easy to cause extremely serious consequences if it is left in an environment containing a low dose of formaldehyde for a long time. Light people often cause headaches, loss of appetite, emotional upset, severe cases of chronic fatigue, insomnia, asthma and other respiratory diseases, as well as female menstrual disorders, pregnancy syndrome, neonatal physique, chromosomal abnormalities, and even nasopharyngeal cancer. The high concentration of formaldehyde is toxic to the nervous system, immune system, liver, etc., and can cause deformities.

7. What are the characteristics of formaldehyde release?

The first feature is the long-term release of formaldehyde, generally 5-10 years;

The second characteristic is that formaldehyde has a very low boiling point of 21 degrees Celsius. Therefore, under normal temperature conditions, formaldehyde hidden in various sheets and chemical fiber carpets is continuously released into the air, especially in indoors where the temperature is high or The amount of formaldehyde released in a high humidity environment will increase. Therefore, the concentration of formaldehyde in indoor air will increase when the weather is hot or the weather in the north is high.

8. Why do developed countries such as Japan regard formaldehyde as the number one public enemy of the “new home syndrome”?

A: The main harmful substances in home decoration include: formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia, hydrazine and radioactive harmful substances, among which formaldehyde is the most harmful. Formaldehyde has been identified by the World Health Organization as a class of teratogenic substances. Living in a formaldehyde environment for a long time can cause many chronic diseases. The biggest harm to us is that it has long existed in our daily lives. Therefore, the fundamental to the harm of formaldehyde is long-term governance. Then, long-term effective products are the most ideal products.

9. How serious is the environmental pollution of formaldehyde in our new home?

A: It can be said that formaldehyde is almost everywhere in the indoor environment in which we live. Formaldehyde has become a major environmental pollution problem in today's human living space. According to the survey results of the "70% new residential winding harmful gas" published by the Consumers Association, "Beijing and Hangzhou respectively showed that the formaldehyde concentration exceeded 72.3% and 79%, respectively, and the formaldehyde concentration exceeded the standard by more than 10 times."

10. What are the limits on the formaldehyde content in the air in countries around the world?

A: All countries in the world have clearly defined the content of formaldehyde in the air. The World Health Organization stipulates that the formaldehyde content in the air should not exceed 0.08 ppm, 0.10 ppm in the United States; 0.12 ppm in Denmark; 0.13 ppm in Sweden; and 0.15 ppm in Spain.

The national standard of China stipulates that the maximum allowable concentration of formaldehyde in the air is 0.08mg/m3 (about 0.032ppm) ("Hygienic Standard for Formaldehyde in Indoor Air").

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