Requirements for water and electricity installation in biosafety laboratory
1. Water supply
The water supply for the Animal Level 3 Biosafety Laboratory (ABSL-3) and Level 4 Biosafety Laboratory (BSL-4 / ABSL-4) is supplied by a specially designed high-level shut-off water tank to avoid direct connection to the city's water network. In order to prevent backflow, check valves are provided on the water supply pipe of the laboratory system and near the faucet. A water level alarm should be installed on the high-level water tank, and there must be no water in the water supply pipeline. The water pipes of the laboratory system are painted with yellow and other eye-catching colors to distinguish them from the water pipes of the general system, and the sign of "no drinking" is hung. Use PVC-lined steel pipes for water supply pipes and copper pipes for hot water pipes. A hand-washing device should be set up at the exit of the laboratory, with a non-manual switch. The second-level to fourth-level biosafety laboratories shall be equipped with emergency eyewash devices. When there is operation of irritating substances in the first-level biosafety laboratory, an eyewash device should be installed within 30m. For large animal laboratories, high-pressure flushing water guns should be provided.
2. Drainage
The drainage system of the general area and the contaminated area should be separated. For the laboratory, especially the fourth-level laboratory, the heating and sterilization (120'C, 30 min) drainage system and the sterilized drainage system should also be separated. Except for shower rooms, animal rooms, anatomy rooms, and corridors where large animals stay, the third- and fourth-level laboratories must not have floor drains. Drainage in the protective areas of Class III and Class IV laboratories should be collected through a special pipeline into a separate device for disinfection and sterilization. High-tech filters should be installed at the vent pipe outlet of the third- and fourth-level laboratory drainage systems, and two-level higher-education filters should be provided for the fourth-level and third-level animals. The drain pipes of Class III and Class IV laboratories should be clearly set, and the transparent drain sleeves of Class IV drain lines should be set. If the amount of drainage is very small, the drainage can be discharged into the container without a drainage pipe, and then sterilized by an autoclave and then enter.
3. Gas supply
The special gas for the laboratory is supplied by high-pressure gas cylinders. The gas cylinders are located outside the laboratory and are transported to various outlets through pipes. The gas cylinders must not enter the laboratory. Positive pressure service biosafety laboratories should also be equipped with emergency support gas tanks. The vacuum system uses individual small vacuum pumps, but does not allow the use of public pipe networks. When it is necessary to use the centralized system, the filter should be installed near each place of use and can be replaced. The exhaust of the vacuum system can be directly connected to the atmosphere.
4. Electrical
The power load of the second-level laboratory should not be lower than f = level, and the third-level laboratory is connected to the first-level load (that is, the so-called dual power supply). The four-level laboratory connects to the first-level load contains particularly important load power supply. The so-called particularly important load refers to power consumption that will threaten personal safety, sample safety, experiment safety and environmental safety. The control of power equipment must be both automatic and manual. The important load is designed for 24h full operation. The illuminance of the biological safety clean room is higher than that of the general clean room, and waterproof sockets and lamps should be used. The lamps should be replaced in the technical mezzanine outside the room. There should be no less than 30 minutes of emergency lighting. For Class 4 biological safety clean rooms, in addition to internal intercom calls, there should also be playback equipment. The intercom system should be designed to control inbound calls and uncontrolled outbound calls.
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