The new function of packaging in the circulation of modern commodities
2018-06-12 16:00:53
I. INTRODUCTION With the further deepening of reform and opening up, there have been many fundamental changes in our country’s economy and society. The growth of the economy has led to the growth of investment and consumption, which has provided the basis for sustained and stable development of China’s commodity market. There have also been profound changes in circulation. In 1997, China’s social commodity circulation achieved a leap from the seller’s market to the buyer’s market, and the social commodity circulation has changed from a supply constraint to a market constraint. This indicates that China is undergoing a profound circulation revolution: First, to realize the traditional planned economy. The transformation of the seller’s market under the system to the buyer’s market under the socialist market economy system; the second is to realize the transition from traditional commodity circulation to modern commodity circulation. Under this general environment, as an indispensable addendum to commodities, packaging must adapt to the needs of the development of modern commodity circulation, from the transformation of traditional commodity packaging into modern commodity packaging, in order to comply with the requirements of the times and better serve the commodity circulation.
II. Overview of Packaging Development Packaging refers to the overall name of containers, materials, and auxiliary materials used to protect goods, facilitate storage and transportation, and promote sales in the process of commodity circulation; it also refers to the use of containers, materials, and auxiliary materials used to achieve the above purposes. In the process of containers, materials and aids, certain technical methods and Other operational activities are applied. This concept of modern commodity packaging reflects the commodity nature, instrumentality, and production activity of commodity packaging. Commodity packaging is a special commodity for social production, which has its own value and use value. At the same time, it is also an important means to realize the value and use value of interior products.
It should be noted that in the development of human history, the development of packaging has always been closely linked with the development of commodity circulation.
(1) Large-scale packaging stage In the early stage of commodity production, after commodity exchange occurs, in order to ensure the circulation of commodities, the first thing that is needed is the storage and transportation of commodities, that is, the commodity will undergo the transition of time and space. Such packaging is created and developed for the protection of goods. Packaging at this time usually refers to a large package, that is, transport packaging - boxes, buying and selling that is a large number of retail distribution of goods, but sometimes there are some simple small packaging for protection, general goods packaging rarely enter the consumer field.
(B) The emergence of small packaging stage With the development of commodity economy, more and more commodities. In order to enable consumers to distinguish their products among many commodities, producers gradually convey information in small packages. With the fierce competition, small packaging in turn plays a role of beautification and propaganda. During this period, large packaging still mainly played a protective role. Since there is a small package, goods do not have to be distributed at retail, so small packages are also called sales packages. However, merchandise still needs salesperson introduction and promotion.
(C) The stage of a silent salesperson who has become a commodity in small packages The emergence of self-service sales methods has pushed commodity packaging to a higher stage of development. During this period, small packaging has become an inseparable part of the commodity and it has become an important means to seek additional profits. Its role in production, sales and consumption is increasing. At this time, large packaging also changed from simple protection to how to improve handling efficiency.
As mentioned above, it can be seen that in the development of packaging, according to its role in circulation, it can be naturally divided into two categories: transport packaging and sales packaging. Transport packaging refers to the packaging of larger units used for safe transportation and protection of goods. It is also called outer packaging or large packaging. Sales packaging refers to the packaging of a single product as a sales unit, or consists of several individual products. A small overall package, also known as a package or small package. Both transport packaging and sales packaging have four main functions of protection, accommodation convenience and promotion.
Third, the development of commodity circulation The so-called commodity circulation is the process of commodity exchange using money as a medium, and it is the continuous whole of commodity exchange process. There are three forms of commodity circulation: simple commodity circulation, developed commodity circulation, and modern commodity circulation. Simple commodity circulation is a direct form of commodity circulation. It is the circulation of goods directly between producers or producers and consumers, using money as a medium. The circulation of developed commodities is an indirect form of commodity circulation. Between producers and consumers, there have been traders or businessmen specializing in commodity exchange. The objects exchanged in these two kinds of circulation are all commodities, and the medium of exchange is all money. The difference between the two is that the subjects engaged in exchange are different, and the bodies of simple commodity circulation are producers and consumers, and in the circulation of developed commodities. Business or business people also become the main body of exchange and play a leading role in exchange. The development of the productive forces has promoted the development of the market. The modernization of the market operating mechanism has enabled a new leap in the circulation of commodities, from the development of the circulation of developed commodities to the circulation of modern commodities. Modern commodity circulation is a high-level form of commodity circulation. It is the exchange of commodities based on the market. The market becomes the soul of commodity circulation.
The continuous development of commodity circulation will inevitably lead to the emergence of new forms of circulation organization. The so-called new circulation organization form refers to the new forms of business, material distribution companies, and joint production and marketing organizations that are compatible with modern market economy and the rule of law society. Mainly include: chain operations, warehouse-type shopping malls, integration of trade, industry and agriculture, agency system, distribution system, and e-commerce. Since the Second World War, especially since the 1970s, new forms of circulation organization have been developing vigorously in Western countries and have been introduced to China in the past 10 years. Currently, they are in the ascendant.
The common characteristics of the new forms of circulation organization are: the formation of economies of scale through joint ventures, the realization of highly efficient circulation and management practices through strict organizational forms and scientific management, low transaction costs, availability of genuine goods and good services, and stress on business reputation. , With strong market development capabilities and anti-risk capabilities.
Fourth, to meet the requirements of the modern packaging Modern packaging in order to comply with the requirements of the new form of circulation, better for the goods, for circulation services, it is necessary to give protection, accommodation, convenience and promotion functions in the traditional sense of the new connotation. Here are some typical new forms of circulation organization to talk about the new features that packaging should have.
(1) Chain management Chain management is a horizontal association of circulation organizations in the same industry. Its characteristics are that many small and medium-sized shops use the same company name, the same business model, the same service standards, and operate the same goods, and are managed by the same headquarters. . This form of business is widely used in retail commerce, catering and service industries. The chain group is closer to the consumers because of its decentralized management, and because its members follow a unified management policy, it forms a huge scale advantage. The development of chain operations has led to the regulation of the industries of many small-scale operators and reduced the disorderly competition. The chain operation in developed countries has become the dominant business form of retail commerce. Its retail sales account for more than one-third of the total sales of social retails, of which the United States is as high as 60%, and resident foods are basically purchased from chain stores. In 1998, there were 1,150 chain-operated companies in China, and there were more than 21,500 chain stores; the retail sales of chain stores accounted for only 2% of the total retail sales of consumer goods. China's chain operation is still in its infancy and there is still much room for development.
The extensive use of chain operation methods in the field of business services is a successful way to implement the principles of economies of scale and scientific management. A major feature of chain operations is that each company has a large number of outlets. These operating outlets must rely on efficient distribution centers to realize their advantages. Without a distribution center, there is no real chain operation. The distribution center is a unique and key organization within the chain of business organizations. Its function is to purchase, process, store, and distribute goods for the entire chain system. The distribution center is responsible for the coordination of the purchase and sales of the chain system, and adjusts and organizes the business categories at any time based on the feedback from each member store. Efforts have been made to improve the mechanization and automation of the chain distribution business. With the help of the increasingly developed expressway network, large-scale commodity purchases of chain operations have been realized, and large-scale commodity processing and distribution have been carried out to achieve convenient and rapid product distribution.
In order to meet the rapid response requirements of distribution centers, modern packaging must be automated and deployed. First, it is necessary to develop an advanced packaging management and deployment system; secondly, the outer surface of the package must be printed with a logo-bar code that is easy for computer identification to facilitate unified management and deployment. Third, in order to meet the requirements of fast expressway transportation, packaging protection The function should be further strengthened. At the same time, in order to save the transportation space, the modularization of packaging must be applied to the implementation. Finally, a new packaging structure is designed to improve its convenience functions, which facilitates loading, unloading, handling, intermodal transportation, purchase, and carrying, speeding up the circulation speed, and facilitating consumer purchase and use.
(II) E-commerce With the rapid development of information technology and the continuous improvement of the related peripheral environment, e-commerce with the core content of online product purchase and sales has developed rapidly. At present, the trend of the development and application of computer network technology is to transfer information to the development of e-commerce applications; secondly, e-commerce with enterprises as the main body is rapidly developing.
The development of e-commerce can now be divided into two categories: one is B to B, that is, business-to-business; the other is B to C, that is, business-to-consumer; The emerging 8848 online supermarket is mainly for personal consumption. These websites have great influence. The number of visits reaches hundreds of thousands of times per day and millions of times. There are hundreds of thousands and millions of products on the Internet, and more than 400 kinds of books such as Amazon. . Business on the Internet is not limited by time and space. These are not what traditional shops can do. This is the great advantage that online stores have.
At present, e-commerce is developing at an alarming rate. The number of newly opened online stores and corporate websites is growing at a rapid rate. According to statistics, there are more than 600 online stores in China, and an average of two online stores are opened every day. As e-commerce can reduce transaction costs, expand advertising and sales of goods, and increase efficiency, its great charm has attracted the attention of all sectors of the society, funds, and talents to concentrate in this area. It will surely grow faster and have a bright future. Experts predict that the network economy will become a strong driving force for the world economy and play an increasingly important role in economic development.
For e-commerce, a new form of circulation organization, in addition to its usual functions, packaging needs to meet some additional requirements:
· Packing should have sufficient information to enable consumers to easily identify the product on the screen;
· The brand of the goods on the package should be eye-catching, so as to actively distinguish the goods, and at the same time satisfy the interests of the seller;
· To facilitate distribution, the strength and traceability of the package should be enhanced (special bar code or electronic chip should be printed on the package), and the packaging volume should be reduced;
· In order to facilitate automatic stacking, packaging specifications should meet the modularization requirements;
Use special shipping packaging (low price, multiple use, easy to carry, easy to clean, etc.).
If e-commerce, a new form of circulation organization, wants to be more economical, then it needs a more efficient supply chain. For example, orders can be ordered directly from a central warehouse rather than through regular retail stores.
(c) Warehouse-style shopping malls Warehouse-style shopping malls, also known as parity supermarkets
II. Overview of Packaging Development Packaging refers to the overall name of containers, materials, and auxiliary materials used to protect goods, facilitate storage and transportation, and promote sales in the process of commodity circulation; it also refers to the use of containers, materials, and auxiliary materials used to achieve the above purposes. In the process of containers, materials and aids, certain technical methods and Other operational activities are applied. This concept of modern commodity packaging reflects the commodity nature, instrumentality, and production activity of commodity packaging. Commodity packaging is a special commodity for social production, which has its own value and use value. At the same time, it is also an important means to realize the value and use value of interior products.
It should be noted that in the development of human history, the development of packaging has always been closely linked with the development of commodity circulation.
(1) Large-scale packaging stage In the early stage of commodity production, after commodity exchange occurs, in order to ensure the circulation of commodities, the first thing that is needed is the storage and transportation of commodities, that is, the commodity will undergo the transition of time and space. Such packaging is created and developed for the protection of goods. Packaging at this time usually refers to a large package, that is, transport packaging - boxes, buying and selling that is a large number of retail distribution of goods, but sometimes there are some simple small packaging for protection, general goods packaging rarely enter the consumer field.
(B) The emergence of small packaging stage With the development of commodity economy, more and more commodities. In order to enable consumers to distinguish their products among many commodities, producers gradually convey information in small packages. With the fierce competition, small packaging in turn plays a role of beautification and propaganda. During this period, large packaging still mainly played a protective role. Since there is a small package, goods do not have to be distributed at retail, so small packages are also called sales packages. However, merchandise still needs salesperson introduction and promotion.
(C) The stage of a silent salesperson who has become a commodity in small packages The emergence of self-service sales methods has pushed commodity packaging to a higher stage of development. During this period, small packaging has become an inseparable part of the commodity and it has become an important means to seek additional profits. Its role in production, sales and consumption is increasing. At this time, large packaging also changed from simple protection to how to improve handling efficiency.
As mentioned above, it can be seen that in the development of packaging, according to its role in circulation, it can be naturally divided into two categories: transport packaging and sales packaging. Transport packaging refers to the packaging of larger units used for safe transportation and protection of goods. It is also called outer packaging or large packaging. Sales packaging refers to the packaging of a single product as a sales unit, or consists of several individual products. A small overall package, also known as a package or small package. Both transport packaging and sales packaging have four main functions of protection, accommodation convenience and promotion.
Third, the development of commodity circulation The so-called commodity circulation is the process of commodity exchange using money as a medium, and it is the continuous whole of commodity exchange process. There are three forms of commodity circulation: simple commodity circulation, developed commodity circulation, and modern commodity circulation. Simple commodity circulation is a direct form of commodity circulation. It is the circulation of goods directly between producers or producers and consumers, using money as a medium. The circulation of developed commodities is an indirect form of commodity circulation. Between producers and consumers, there have been traders or businessmen specializing in commodity exchange. The objects exchanged in these two kinds of circulation are all commodities, and the medium of exchange is all money. The difference between the two is that the subjects engaged in exchange are different, and the bodies of simple commodity circulation are producers and consumers, and in the circulation of developed commodities. Business or business people also become the main body of exchange and play a leading role in exchange. The development of the productive forces has promoted the development of the market. The modernization of the market operating mechanism has enabled a new leap in the circulation of commodities, from the development of the circulation of developed commodities to the circulation of modern commodities. Modern commodity circulation is a high-level form of commodity circulation. It is the exchange of commodities based on the market. The market becomes the soul of commodity circulation.
The continuous development of commodity circulation will inevitably lead to the emergence of new forms of circulation organization. The so-called new circulation organization form refers to the new forms of business, material distribution companies, and joint production and marketing organizations that are compatible with modern market economy and the rule of law society. Mainly include: chain operations, warehouse-type shopping malls, integration of trade, industry and agriculture, agency system, distribution system, and e-commerce. Since the Second World War, especially since the 1970s, new forms of circulation organization have been developing vigorously in Western countries and have been introduced to China in the past 10 years. Currently, they are in the ascendant.
The common characteristics of the new forms of circulation organization are: the formation of economies of scale through joint ventures, the realization of highly efficient circulation and management practices through strict organizational forms and scientific management, low transaction costs, availability of genuine goods and good services, and stress on business reputation. , With strong market development capabilities and anti-risk capabilities.
Fourth, to meet the requirements of the modern packaging Modern packaging in order to comply with the requirements of the new form of circulation, better for the goods, for circulation services, it is necessary to give protection, accommodation, convenience and promotion functions in the traditional sense of the new connotation. Here are some typical new forms of circulation organization to talk about the new features that packaging should have.
(1) Chain management Chain management is a horizontal association of circulation organizations in the same industry. Its characteristics are that many small and medium-sized shops use the same company name, the same business model, the same service standards, and operate the same goods, and are managed by the same headquarters. . This form of business is widely used in retail commerce, catering and service industries. The chain group is closer to the consumers because of its decentralized management, and because its members follow a unified management policy, it forms a huge scale advantage. The development of chain operations has led to the regulation of the industries of many small-scale operators and reduced the disorderly competition. The chain operation in developed countries has become the dominant business form of retail commerce. Its retail sales account for more than one-third of the total sales of social retails, of which the United States is as high as 60%, and resident foods are basically purchased from chain stores. In 1998, there were 1,150 chain-operated companies in China, and there were more than 21,500 chain stores; the retail sales of chain stores accounted for only 2% of the total retail sales of consumer goods. China's chain operation is still in its infancy and there is still much room for development.
The extensive use of chain operation methods in the field of business services is a successful way to implement the principles of economies of scale and scientific management. A major feature of chain operations is that each company has a large number of outlets. These operating outlets must rely on efficient distribution centers to realize their advantages. Without a distribution center, there is no real chain operation. The distribution center is a unique and key organization within the chain of business organizations. Its function is to purchase, process, store, and distribute goods for the entire chain system. The distribution center is responsible for the coordination of the purchase and sales of the chain system, and adjusts and organizes the business categories at any time based on the feedback from each member store. Efforts have been made to improve the mechanization and automation of the chain distribution business. With the help of the increasingly developed expressway network, large-scale commodity purchases of chain operations have been realized, and large-scale commodity processing and distribution have been carried out to achieve convenient and rapid product distribution.
In order to meet the rapid response requirements of distribution centers, modern packaging must be automated and deployed. First, it is necessary to develop an advanced packaging management and deployment system; secondly, the outer surface of the package must be printed with a logo-bar code that is easy for computer identification to facilitate unified management and deployment. Third, in order to meet the requirements of fast expressway transportation, packaging protection The function should be further strengthened. At the same time, in order to save the transportation space, the modularization of packaging must be applied to the implementation. Finally, a new packaging structure is designed to improve its convenience functions, which facilitates loading, unloading, handling, intermodal transportation, purchase, and carrying, speeding up the circulation speed, and facilitating consumer purchase and use.
(II) E-commerce With the rapid development of information technology and the continuous improvement of the related peripheral environment, e-commerce with the core content of online product purchase and sales has developed rapidly. At present, the trend of the development and application of computer network technology is to transfer information to the development of e-commerce applications; secondly, e-commerce with enterprises as the main body is rapidly developing.
The development of e-commerce can now be divided into two categories: one is B to B, that is, business-to-business; the other is B to C, that is, business-to-consumer; The emerging 8848 online supermarket is mainly for personal consumption. These websites have great influence. The number of visits reaches hundreds of thousands of times per day and millions of times. There are hundreds of thousands and millions of products on the Internet, and more than 400 kinds of books such as Amazon. . Business on the Internet is not limited by time and space. These are not what traditional shops can do. This is the great advantage that online stores have.
At present, e-commerce is developing at an alarming rate. The number of newly opened online stores and corporate websites is growing at a rapid rate. According to statistics, there are more than 600 online stores in China, and an average of two online stores are opened every day. As e-commerce can reduce transaction costs, expand advertising and sales of goods, and increase efficiency, its great charm has attracted the attention of all sectors of the society, funds, and talents to concentrate in this area. It will surely grow faster and have a bright future. Experts predict that the network economy will become a strong driving force for the world economy and play an increasingly important role in economic development.
For e-commerce, a new form of circulation organization, in addition to its usual functions, packaging needs to meet some additional requirements:
· Packing should have sufficient information to enable consumers to easily identify the product on the screen;
· The brand of the goods on the package should be eye-catching, so as to actively distinguish the goods, and at the same time satisfy the interests of the seller;
· To facilitate distribution, the strength and traceability of the package should be enhanced (special bar code or electronic chip should be printed on the package), and the packaging volume should be reduced;
· In order to facilitate automatic stacking, packaging specifications should meet the modularization requirements;
Use special shipping packaging (low price, multiple use, easy to carry, easy to clean, etc.).
If e-commerce, a new form of circulation organization, wants to be more economical, then it needs a more efficient supply chain. For example, orders can be ordered directly from a central warehouse rather than through regular retail stores.
(c) Warehouse-style shopping malls Warehouse-style shopping malls, also known as parity supermarkets
Wuyi Anbo Medical Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd. , http://www.medicalanbo.com