Water pollution control in industrial agglomeration areas is still the focus

The Ministry of Ecology and Environment recently notified the progress of water pollution prevention and control in industrial agglomeration areas in China. By the end of September 2018, the completion rate of sewage treatment facilities in 2411 industrial clusters involving wastewater discharge reached 97%, and the installation rate of automatic online monitoring devices reached 96%, both of which were more than the Water Pollution Prevention Action Plan (hereinafter referred to as "Water 10" increased by more than 40 percentage points before implementation, and promoted more than 950 industrial agglomeration areas to build sewage centralized treatment facilities, with a new wastewater treatment scale of 28.58 million tons / day.

By advancing the requirements of the "Water Ten" for industrial agglomeration areas, it can be said that the short board of the water pollution control infrastructure in the industrial agglomeration area has been effectively completed.

Going deep into the scene

Supervise research and organize training

The "Water Ten Articles" stipulates that before the end of 2017, the industrial agglomeration area shall be built with centralized sewage treatment facilities and automatic online monitoring devices installed. If the project is not completed within the time limit, the construction project that increases the discharge of water pollutants shall be suspended and approved, and the qualification of the park shall be revoked in accordance with relevant regulations.

The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta regions were completed one year ahead of schedule. In 2017, the qualification of the provincial-level development zone in the western park of Lutai Economic and Technological Development Zone of Hebei Province was abolished. This is the first provincial-level development that was cancelled due to the task of water pollution control in industrial clusters that was not completed in the “Water Ten”. Area.

This demonstrates the determination of the state to control water pollution in industrial clusters.

The Environmental Protection Foreign Cooperation Center of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment has undertaken technical support for wastewater treatment in industrial agglomeration areas. Tang Yandong, director of the International Exchange and Cooperation Department of Environmental Protection Technology, said: "In order to fully implement the task requirements of the "Water Ten", since 2015, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment has adopted the combination of research and training, billing, supervision, information disclosure, and public opinion supervision. jobs."

In order to do this work, the management department and the technical support unit have gone deep into the scene to understand the situation. A total of more than 210 industrial agglomerations and more than 300 enterprises in 13 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have gone to the investigation and supervision. Local governments and park management agencies raise awareness and accelerate promotion. At the same time, organize expert teams to guide the problems existing in the park and teach them hand-to-hand. Scale organization training, open training sessions in Shanghai Chemical Industry Park, and organize special training courses to train more than 1200 people (times) in grassroots environmental protection departments and park management agencies. In addition, the role of information disclosure and public supervision was fully exerted, and the completion of the task of industrial agglomeration areas was disclosed to the whole society on many occasions, and more than 20 propaganda reports were published through the media.

At present, there are still a few industrial concentration areas where sewage centralized treatment facilities and automatic online monitoring devices have not yet been built. What should be done for industrial clusters that have not completed the task of Water Ten?

Tang Yandong said that due to the lack of attention and insufficient funds in the early stage, there were some local factors such as the suspension of production in the park, the difficulty in laying the pipe network, and the small amount of water involved in the enterprises, which led to the delay in the completion of the task of “Water Ten”. For the industrial clusters where the tasks have not been completed, except for the very few parks with special circumstances, the localities have been restricted in accordance with the requirements of the “Water Ten”, effectively controlling the risk of new pollution emissions.

During the implementation of the task

Classified governance, adapting to local conditions

"In the process of advancing the "Water Ten Articles" mission, we must adhere to the problem-oriented, seek truth from facts and promote the work, and resolutely prevent 'one size fits all'." Tang Yandong said.

First of all, we must figure out who is the target of the industrial cluster policy in Water Ten.

Looking through the "Water Ten Articles", the emphasis is on economic and technological development zones, high-tech industrial development zones, export processing zones and other industrial clusters, and the state has regulations that only the State Council and provincial governments have the right to approve the establishment.

Then, where should the “parks” established by local violations go?

Tang Yandong said that there are indeed violations of regulations and construction of parks in various places. Even some township governments have “circled” blocks and hanged the signs of the park. The situation is more complicated. Usually, these illegally established parks are small in scale, few in enterprises, and low in industrial level. Although the name is called “park”, it does not meet the original intention of setting up a park. It does not play agglomeration effects at all, and it is not suitable for “pre-processing + concentration”. "Processing" sewage treatment mode. According to the relevant regulations, such parks should be cleaned up and rectified. Therefore, the policy of “Water Ten” on the construction of centralized sewage treatment facilities has taken into account this factor from the formulation to the implementation, and it is a legal and compliant park. If all the “names” of the park are “one size fits all”, it is required to build a centralized sewage treatment plant, which will only increase the cost and waste of the cleanup and rectification work of the park.

After 40 years of development, industrial parks have become the main form of industrial development in China. Is the newly built park also the same as the old park, and the sewage treatment facilities will be built immediately? The answer is obviously no.

For the old parks approved before the release of “Water Ten Articles”, the water pollution control infrastructure construction tasks should be completed on time and in accordance with the requirements. For a few of the parks that still have no enterprises to settle in, the centralized sewage treatment facilities and production projects are required to be designed at the same time. Construction, production and operation at the same time.

Tang Yandong said: "For old projects, if the enterprises are approved by legal procedures and can directly discharge the products after they meet the requirements, they will still be implemented according to the original approved requirements. It is not mandatory to immediately access the sewage centralized treatment facilities, but it is necessary to supervise and find out. At the same time, the local government and the park management agency can negotiate with the relevant enterprises to change the sewage treatment method, encourage the enterprise to calculate the economic account, and encourage the pre-treatment + centralized treatment. Mode, access to centralized sewage treatment facilities in the park."

For the new park, the sewage centralized treatment facilities should be completed as scheduled according to the approved planning requirements. The general principle is “three simultaneous”. Enterprises newly built to discharge industrial wastewater in the park shall implement the requirements of laws and regulations such as “Water Ten Articles” and the newly revised Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law. The wastewater must be pretreated to meet the centralized treatment requirements before entering the centralized sewage treatment facilities.

Different construction methods are also allowed in the construction method. "As long as it meets the requirements of planning, planning and environmental assessment, it can build a sewage treatment plant in the park itself, or rely on the nearby urban sewage treatment plant or the sewage treatment plant of the backbone enterprises in the park." Tang Yandong stressed, "Relying on is not a simple support It is necessary to evaluate the well-established sewage treatment plant capable of handling the industrial wastewater in the park, otherwise it will not work."

In addition, for the construction scale of the sewage treatment plant, it should also be adapted to local conditions, and do not blindly "crazy." For some parks with small discharges of wastewater, they can be guided to construct or reform sewage treatment facilities in stages or in a modular way to avoid the “sun-bathing” of sewage treatment plants due to over-scale and insufficient water collection.

Water pollution control in industrial agglomeration areas is still the focus

The layout needs to be reasonable, and the governance should be deep.

Although the current industrial agglomeration area has increased prevention and control and pollution control has achieved certain results, the environmental management level capability of China's industrial parks is not compatible with the important position of the park in China's national economy. The state-level park management is relatively standardized, the provincial-level parks are somewhat poor, and the cities and counties themselves are even worse.

The survey found that good and poor parks differ by industry, management, and emissions levels for decades or more. In summary, the main manifestation is that the planning layout is unreasonable, the main responsibility is not clear, the pollution control is not deep enough, and the industrial park policy system is incomplete. For example, in terms of planning and layout, many parks lacked a scientific planning layout at the beginning, so that the development and construction of the park was “smooth up”, and many of them were located close to rivers and lakes, and some heavy industrial parks were even located in the central area of ​​the city.

There are still a few industrial enterprises that have not entered the park. For example, chemical enterprises with a certain scale in the Yangtze River Economic Belt have reported 11,000, of which only 4,000 have entered the park. Considering many scattered small chemical companies that are not included in the statistics, it is estimated that the chemical industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt will not enter the park. 30%. It can be imagined that these chemical enterprises have brought huge ecological environmental risks and hidden dangers to the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

"In terms of sewage treatment in industrial parks, there are still problems such as the unclear balance of wastewater in the park, the mismatch between the wastewater quality of the park and the treatment process of the downstream centralized sewage treatment plant, and the imperfect drainage system in the park." Tang Yandong said.

As for the sewage pipe network, many of the park's pipe network are not perfect, the pipes are old and damaged, and the rain and sewage are not divided. Some parks are simply “one thing to do” and rely on urban sewage treatment plants to treat industrial wastewater. According to preliminary statistics, more than half of the industrial parks at or above the provincial level rely on urban sewage treatment plants to treat industrial wastewater from the park.

It is not to say that it cannot rely on urban sewage treatment plants, but it is opposed to simply “doing things” to complete the task. This is because the wastewater in the park is obviously different from the urban wastewater. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve stable system operation and water quality compliance only through the conventional process of urban sewage treatment plants. Without any planning assessment, forcing the urban sewage treatment plant to accept the industrial wastewater of the park in order to complete the task, it is very likely that the refractory substances will “penetrate” the urban sewage treatment plant into the water body, and even impact the urban sewage treatment plant, affecting its normal operation. .

Ma Wencheng, an associate professor at Harbin Institute of Industrial Environment, said: "At present, the centralized sewage treatment plant in the park mostly uses conventional pretreatment processes such as coagulation sedimentation and traditional biological treatment processes based on activated sludge or biofilm. When the tailwater treatment of tail water wastewater is complicated, the biodegradability is low, the bio-inhibition is strong, the water quality and quantity are fluctuating frequently, and the inorganic matter is high, the treatment process is not matched, the treatment efficiency is low, the operation stability is poor, and the sludge is easy. Loss leads to secondary risks. Sewage treatment plants can only rely on continuous extension of processes, overdosing of pharmaceuticals or commodity carbon sources to maintain operation, resulting in high processing costs and unsustainable operation."

Ma Wencheng said that the planning of the park is different from the actual enterprises. In addition, as the market demand changes, the adjustment of the production mode and the use of raw materials will result in changes in the composition of the discharged sewage, which in turn will lead to relatively fixed processing facilities and efficiency. Operational stability is impaired.

Finding out the base is the basis for laying a solid battle against pollution in industrial clusters. Ma Wencheng said: "At present, a major problem is that the emission base of the park enterprises is not very clear. The online monitoring equipment has been installed to target conventional indicators such as COD and ammonia nitrogen, which cannot accurately reveal the characteristics of pollutants, and is limited by industrial parks. The management staffing and professional background are likely to cause difficulties in the environmental supervision of the park."

The "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Strengthening Ecological Environment Protection and Resolutely Fighting Pollution Prevention and Control" clearly requires: "Centralized new districts, industrial parks, high-tech zones, etc., to carry out centralized rectification, and meet the standardization within a time limit." It can be seen that the establishment of centralized sewage treatment facilities and the installation of automatic online monitoring devices is only the first step of the Long March. There is still a long way to go for environmental management in industrial clusters. There are still many hard bones such as pipe network, sewage outlets, and stable operation. It has become an important part of the battle against pollution.

Responsible editor: Miao

This article is posted on the website for the purpose of transmitting more information and does not imply endorsement of its views or confirmation of its description.

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