The Impact of Digital and Network Technology on News and Publishing Industry and Countermeasures
2023-12-21 06:09:19
Now China's publishing industry has two hot spots: one is the impact and countermeasures of China's accession to WTO on China's printing and publishing industry; the other is the impact and countermeasures of digitalization and networking on China's printing and publishing industry. The focus of discussion is: "Will the print media be replaced by electronic media?" This article addresses the latter hot spot.
According to statistics, when the network just entered China in 1994, there were only 10,000 Internet users, but by the end of 2000, it was nearly 17 million, ranking fifth in the world. By 2005, there will be 1 billion Internet users in the world and 80 million in China, ranking second. By 2010, the number of Internet users in China will exceed 200 million, and China will become the country with the largest number of Internet users in the world. Therefore, the domestic and international Internet market can be very large.
There are two different views on the impact of digitization and networking on the news and publishing industry. One view is that electronic media will replace traditional paper print media. Microsoft’s vice president of technology, at the Frankfurt Book Fair on October 14, 1999, predicted that the future of the newspaper is electronic, and printing paper on paper will become history. By 2006, in Europe, people could download newspapers and magazines from electronic newsstands. By 2018, newspapers printed on paper will disappear, and books now priced at $30 will only cost $5 in the era of e-books. At the meeting, publishing consultant Mike Shatzkin predicted: By 2020, printed paper books will basically disappear, and only a handful of them will be toys for the rich (perhaps only art books). Another view is optimistic about the future of traditional print publishing (especially for publishers). They think that traditional publishing media have advantages that are incomparable to electronic network media. In the past 20 years, online publishing has failed to form an industry. The industry is not a real shock, and e-books can never replace traditional printed books. In particular, Internet stocks are not yet in favor of Nasdaq.
How to correctly understand the relationship between electronic network media and traditional media, the Fifth Plenary Session of the Central Committee of the 15th Central Committee has formulated guidelines for us: "Using high and new technology and advanced and applicable technologies to transform traditional industries and promote the integration of information industry and related cultural industries."
Many Internet companies have reached a consensus on the cool thinking about the rise and fall of Internet stocks: the combination of the Internet and traditional industries will surely become the mainstream of China's Internet development, and it will also be the only way for Internet companies to seek business opportunities and achieve profitability and development. (The Internet is a tool, E-commerce is a new business model, and online business must be profitable. It can not do without the content of resources, content in the traditional media, is the result of many years of accumulation).
I think: Internet publishing is an emerging industry that integrates publishing (books and newspapers), broadcasting, and television. It has the characteristics of product digitalization, distribution network, and transaction electronicity, and will cause more and more problems for traditional publishing industry. The impact, but they will combine with each other, complement each other, influence each other and coexist for a long time.
Heidelberg, a world-renowned printing equipment supplier, pointed out in a survey report that by 2010, the proportion of electronic media in the total market share of the media will increase from 30% in 1995 to 52%, and the share of print media will increase. From the original 70% to 48%, this means that the proportion of print media in the total media will gradually decline. KBA, a world-renowned printing equipment supplier, estimates that sales of various media products in the world in 2000 were approximately US$1 trillion, of which approximately US$530.8 billion came from traditional paper media. By 2005, the income of various electronic media will increase to 900 billion U.S. dollars, while the paper media will be only 472 billion U.S. dollars.
I think that due to the unbalanced development of all countries in the world, the development in various parts of China will be uneven, and traditional paper prints will exist for a long time, and will not disappear within at least 20 years, and will remain one of the major media. However, from a longer-term perspective, it is possible to replace electronic media with traditional media in developed countries.
I. Status and Development of Web Publishing Technology
1. Technology related to web publishing
1Printing on Demand: Personalized printing using digital printing and web technologies that do not require film or media.
2 "Books on Demand"; includes stapling in addition to digital printing.
3 "Publishing on Demand": Personalized publishing, including the entire process of editing and publishing, is actually implemented using the technology of online publishing.
4 “Cross-Media Publishing†and “Publishing of Digital Information Basesâ€; texts, pictures, images, sounds, images, and other information are stored in digital form in the information base. They can be combined into various publications, and digital information is used. A certain standard, according to the needs of the publication, is transmitted in a certain digital workflow. It can be output on paper, film or plates, and it can also be exported in the form of a compact disc, or it can be transmitted via the Internet, or it can be sent via digital television or digital radio.
2. There are three types of online publishing technologies
1Personal computer download network publishing technology
The major newspapers and magazines of developed countries in the world have all been published in the online version. Some online versions of the New York Times Online have reached 12 million users worldwide. Some computers and electronic magazines have only been published online. The Internet has become an important tool for searching information in developed countries. .
2 on-demand printing web publishing technology
This technology bridges the gap between online publishing and people's reading habits. It will form a global market combining electronic media with traditional media, enabling "zero inventory", no printing, and no shortage of goods. On-demand printed web publishing technology is currently the most mature and practical web publishing technology. Some major foreign publishers have begun to engage in this business. Some hotels in the United States networked with professional newspapers and magazines to print the required newspapers according to the requirements of the guests. At present, developed countries have already appeared the “Books on Demand Service†(Books on Demand Service). Bookstores only display a color cover of a sample book or book. Readers can use the computer of the bookstore to check the book content and book reviews. For purchases that can be printed and bound immediately, readers can also use the printer at home to print out the required parts or order via the Internet. In the United States, “on-demand book delivery service centers†have become chain stores, and all bookstores are connected to digital library libraries. In general, the center stores in each area are equipped with on-demand printing and bookbinding equipment, especially American university bookstores. This kind of service has developed rapidly. The textbooks compiled by the teachers can also provide the teaching center CD-ROM files to the service center or print the textbooks through the Internet and bind them into volumes. The on-demand printed books generally offered at bookstores are priced the same as traditional printed books.
3 E-book (eBook) form of online publishing technology
Because the use of personal computers to download reading, it is not easy to carry, so invented the e-book. The so-called e-book refers to an online publishing technology that downloads publications from the Internet to e-readers and then reads them.
E-book technology is still under development. The key is display technology. To make people feel like paper prints, there is still a long way to go.
Nowadays, some famous companies in the world are attacking the display technology of e-books. Microsoft and Toshiba Corporation of Japan have reached an agreement to jointly develop e-books for liquid crystal display devices to improve display clarity.
IBM developed a hybrid semiconductor that can be used to make the thinnest display of any size, from any material (from plastic to glass to leather). Its first product is an electronic newspaper, shaped like a briefcase. There are multiple pages of flexible LCD. The e-book being developed can be folded like a newspaper and can be placed in a pocket.
Xerox is developing an e-paper that is a thin, elastic material consisting of billions of hair-thin plastic balls. Each ball is half black and half white. The balls can be controlled by computers to turn white or black. It can display text and graphics like a monitor, and it is an important information medium for everyone's unanimously optimistic future e-books.
Some people in Japan have used nanotechnology to invent a material that can make TV screens only a few millimeters thick and can also be used in e-book displays.
Microsoft and Adobe are researching software and related standards for electronic paper and e-books.
Microsoft and 31 of the largest publishers in the United States jointly announced a grand online publishing program to jointly develop digital books and establish an electronic book city. Some international large publishing companies have also implemented similar plans.
E-books designed specifically for students have entered the market. It uses a specially designed display screen, a variety of colors for students of different ages and grades. Students don’t need heavy schoolbags. Just bring an e-book. The teacher arranges assignments through the Internet. Students use e-books to complete assignments and study through the Internet. Singapore began using e-schoolbags in September 1999, using a card-type storage device, one card per subject, and a few kilograms of heavy cards instead of schoolbags.
Some experts predict that by 2008, the United States will publish 1 million e-books. The famous consulting company Andersen Consulting predicts that by 2004, e-books will occupy 10% of the entire publishing market. The American Publishers Association predicts that by 2005, About 28 million people in the United States will read e-books, and their e-book income will reach US$2.5 billion, which is equivalent to about one-tenth of the book market.
From the perspective of developed countries, with the participation of traditional news and publishing organizations, online publishing has gradually begun to take shape and it has begun to develop in the direction of industrialization. In comparison, the development of online publishing in China is still far behind the advanced countries.
Internet publishing is a revolution in the printing and publishing industry. It will form new markets for electronic multimedia publications and will gradually occupy the traditional publications market. It will lead to changes in the traditional printing and publishing industry's process and organizational structure, and it will surely affect the tradition. The publishing industry has caused tremendous impact. With the development of technology, e-books will gradually reach the level of traditional printed books. It is not impossible for developed countries to gradually replace traditional printed books. It took about 10 years for laser photocopying to replace lead prints, and it took only five years for color desktop systems to replace electric extensions. Of course, e-books should take at least 20 years to replace traditional books. However, technological breakthroughs such as the emergence of breakthroughs are not impossible. Can a color digital printer be envisaged without a version ten years ago?
Second, the impact of online publishing on the press and publishing industry and challenges
Impact 1: The traditional news media is one of the first industries that have been hit by the Internet. The network has many advantages over the three traditional news media.
In the United States, the number of people watching news on the Internet in 2000 was three times that of two years ago. The number of people reading news from newspapers and television is decreasing. Especially for financial investors with fast information requirements, the Internet has replaced traditional media and become the main source of stock quotes and investment advice.
Young people aged 16 to 20 years are the young generation who grew up in the computer environment. They are called Net-Powered Generation. The number of people who use the Internet has exceeded the number of people who read newspapers and magazines. Young people use the Internet to work and the Internet has become their main tool for obtaining information.
For traditional publications, newspapers are the hardest hit, followed by magazines. Traditional newspapers and magazines will gradually be replaced by electronic newspapers.
Impact 2: Traditional book publishing will be affected. Books that emphasize retrievability and practicality, such as reference books and textbooks, will gradually be replaced by electronic books. Art books, novels, and albums will be less affected.
Impact 3: The traditional publishing process will change.
The traditional publishing process is: author → publishing house → printing factory → distributor → retailer → reader
The process of online publishing is: Author → (Publisher →) Web Platform → Readers
The process has several features:
1 Press is optional. Authors can publish directly and become independent publishers. However, with the increasing standardization of online publishing management, publishers may still be an unskippable part of the publishing process.
2 The traditional publishing process is first issued after printing, and the process of online publishing is first issued
According to statistics, when the network just entered China in 1994, there were only 10,000 Internet users, but by the end of 2000, it was nearly 17 million, ranking fifth in the world. By 2005, there will be 1 billion Internet users in the world and 80 million in China, ranking second. By 2010, the number of Internet users in China will exceed 200 million, and China will become the country with the largest number of Internet users in the world. Therefore, the domestic and international Internet market can be very large.
There are two different views on the impact of digitization and networking on the news and publishing industry. One view is that electronic media will replace traditional paper print media. Microsoft’s vice president of technology, at the Frankfurt Book Fair on October 14, 1999, predicted that the future of the newspaper is electronic, and printing paper on paper will become history. By 2006, in Europe, people could download newspapers and magazines from electronic newsstands. By 2018, newspapers printed on paper will disappear, and books now priced at $30 will only cost $5 in the era of e-books. At the meeting, publishing consultant Mike Shatzkin predicted: By 2020, printed paper books will basically disappear, and only a handful of them will be toys for the rich (perhaps only art books). Another view is optimistic about the future of traditional print publishing (especially for publishers). They think that traditional publishing media have advantages that are incomparable to electronic network media. In the past 20 years, online publishing has failed to form an industry. The industry is not a real shock, and e-books can never replace traditional printed books. In particular, Internet stocks are not yet in favor of Nasdaq.
How to correctly understand the relationship between electronic network media and traditional media, the Fifth Plenary Session of the Central Committee of the 15th Central Committee has formulated guidelines for us: "Using high and new technology and advanced and applicable technologies to transform traditional industries and promote the integration of information industry and related cultural industries."
Many Internet companies have reached a consensus on the cool thinking about the rise and fall of Internet stocks: the combination of the Internet and traditional industries will surely become the mainstream of China's Internet development, and it will also be the only way for Internet companies to seek business opportunities and achieve profitability and development. (The Internet is a tool, E-commerce is a new business model, and online business must be profitable. It can not do without the content of resources, content in the traditional media, is the result of many years of accumulation).
I think: Internet publishing is an emerging industry that integrates publishing (books and newspapers), broadcasting, and television. It has the characteristics of product digitalization, distribution network, and transaction electronicity, and will cause more and more problems for traditional publishing industry. The impact, but they will combine with each other, complement each other, influence each other and coexist for a long time.
Heidelberg, a world-renowned printing equipment supplier, pointed out in a survey report that by 2010, the proportion of electronic media in the total market share of the media will increase from 30% in 1995 to 52%, and the share of print media will increase. From the original 70% to 48%, this means that the proportion of print media in the total media will gradually decline. KBA, a world-renowned printing equipment supplier, estimates that sales of various media products in the world in 2000 were approximately US$1 trillion, of which approximately US$530.8 billion came from traditional paper media. By 2005, the income of various electronic media will increase to 900 billion U.S. dollars, while the paper media will be only 472 billion U.S. dollars.
I think that due to the unbalanced development of all countries in the world, the development in various parts of China will be uneven, and traditional paper prints will exist for a long time, and will not disappear within at least 20 years, and will remain one of the major media. However, from a longer-term perspective, it is possible to replace electronic media with traditional media in developed countries.
I. Status and Development of Web Publishing Technology
1. Technology related to web publishing
1Printing on Demand: Personalized printing using digital printing and web technologies that do not require film or media.
2 "Books on Demand"; includes stapling in addition to digital printing.
3 "Publishing on Demand": Personalized publishing, including the entire process of editing and publishing, is actually implemented using the technology of online publishing.
4 “Cross-Media Publishing†and “Publishing of Digital Information Basesâ€; texts, pictures, images, sounds, images, and other information are stored in digital form in the information base. They can be combined into various publications, and digital information is used. A certain standard, according to the needs of the publication, is transmitted in a certain digital workflow. It can be output on paper, film or plates, and it can also be exported in the form of a compact disc, or it can be transmitted via the Internet, or it can be sent via digital television or digital radio.
2. There are three types of online publishing technologies
1Personal computer download network publishing technology
The major newspapers and magazines of developed countries in the world have all been published in the online version. Some online versions of the New York Times Online have reached 12 million users worldwide. Some computers and electronic magazines have only been published online. The Internet has become an important tool for searching information in developed countries. .
2 on-demand printing web publishing technology
This technology bridges the gap between online publishing and people's reading habits. It will form a global market combining electronic media with traditional media, enabling "zero inventory", no printing, and no shortage of goods. On-demand printed web publishing technology is currently the most mature and practical web publishing technology. Some major foreign publishers have begun to engage in this business. Some hotels in the United States networked with professional newspapers and magazines to print the required newspapers according to the requirements of the guests. At present, developed countries have already appeared the “Books on Demand Service†(Books on Demand Service). Bookstores only display a color cover of a sample book or book. Readers can use the computer of the bookstore to check the book content and book reviews. For purchases that can be printed and bound immediately, readers can also use the printer at home to print out the required parts or order via the Internet. In the United States, “on-demand book delivery service centers†have become chain stores, and all bookstores are connected to digital library libraries. In general, the center stores in each area are equipped with on-demand printing and bookbinding equipment, especially American university bookstores. This kind of service has developed rapidly. The textbooks compiled by the teachers can also provide the teaching center CD-ROM files to the service center or print the textbooks through the Internet and bind them into volumes. The on-demand printed books generally offered at bookstores are priced the same as traditional printed books.
3 E-book (eBook) form of online publishing technology
Because the use of personal computers to download reading, it is not easy to carry, so invented the e-book. The so-called e-book refers to an online publishing technology that downloads publications from the Internet to e-readers and then reads them.
E-book technology is still under development. The key is display technology. To make people feel like paper prints, there is still a long way to go.
Nowadays, some famous companies in the world are attacking the display technology of e-books. Microsoft and Toshiba Corporation of Japan have reached an agreement to jointly develop e-books for liquid crystal display devices to improve display clarity.
IBM developed a hybrid semiconductor that can be used to make the thinnest display of any size, from any material (from plastic to glass to leather). Its first product is an electronic newspaper, shaped like a briefcase. There are multiple pages of flexible LCD. The e-book being developed can be folded like a newspaper and can be placed in a pocket.
Xerox is developing an e-paper that is a thin, elastic material consisting of billions of hair-thin plastic balls. Each ball is half black and half white. The balls can be controlled by computers to turn white or black. It can display text and graphics like a monitor, and it is an important information medium for everyone's unanimously optimistic future e-books.
Some people in Japan have used nanotechnology to invent a material that can make TV screens only a few millimeters thick and can also be used in e-book displays.
Microsoft and Adobe are researching software and related standards for electronic paper and e-books.
Microsoft and 31 of the largest publishers in the United States jointly announced a grand online publishing program to jointly develop digital books and establish an electronic book city. Some international large publishing companies have also implemented similar plans.
E-books designed specifically for students have entered the market. It uses a specially designed display screen, a variety of colors for students of different ages and grades. Students don’t need heavy schoolbags. Just bring an e-book. The teacher arranges assignments through the Internet. Students use e-books to complete assignments and study through the Internet. Singapore began using e-schoolbags in September 1999, using a card-type storage device, one card per subject, and a few kilograms of heavy cards instead of schoolbags.
Some experts predict that by 2008, the United States will publish 1 million e-books. The famous consulting company Andersen Consulting predicts that by 2004, e-books will occupy 10% of the entire publishing market. The American Publishers Association predicts that by 2005, About 28 million people in the United States will read e-books, and their e-book income will reach US$2.5 billion, which is equivalent to about one-tenth of the book market.
From the perspective of developed countries, with the participation of traditional news and publishing organizations, online publishing has gradually begun to take shape and it has begun to develop in the direction of industrialization. In comparison, the development of online publishing in China is still far behind the advanced countries.
Internet publishing is a revolution in the printing and publishing industry. It will form new markets for electronic multimedia publications and will gradually occupy the traditional publications market. It will lead to changes in the traditional printing and publishing industry's process and organizational structure, and it will surely affect the tradition. The publishing industry has caused tremendous impact. With the development of technology, e-books will gradually reach the level of traditional printed books. It is not impossible for developed countries to gradually replace traditional printed books. It took about 10 years for laser photocopying to replace lead prints, and it took only five years for color desktop systems to replace electric extensions. Of course, e-books should take at least 20 years to replace traditional books. However, technological breakthroughs such as the emergence of breakthroughs are not impossible. Can a color digital printer be envisaged without a version ten years ago?
Second, the impact of online publishing on the press and publishing industry and challenges
Impact 1: The traditional news media is one of the first industries that have been hit by the Internet. The network has many advantages over the three traditional news media.
In the United States, the number of people watching news on the Internet in 2000 was three times that of two years ago. The number of people reading news from newspapers and television is decreasing. Especially for financial investors with fast information requirements, the Internet has replaced traditional media and become the main source of stock quotes and investment advice.
Young people aged 16 to 20 years are the young generation who grew up in the computer environment. They are called Net-Powered Generation. The number of people who use the Internet has exceeded the number of people who read newspapers and magazines. Young people use the Internet to work and the Internet has become their main tool for obtaining information.
For traditional publications, newspapers are the hardest hit, followed by magazines. Traditional newspapers and magazines will gradually be replaced by electronic newspapers.
Impact 2: Traditional book publishing will be affected. Books that emphasize retrievability and practicality, such as reference books and textbooks, will gradually be replaced by electronic books. Art books, novels, and albums will be less affected.
Impact 3: The traditional publishing process will change.
The traditional publishing process is: author → publishing house → printing factory → distributor → retailer → reader
The process of online publishing is: Author → (Publisher →) Web Platform → Readers
The process has several features:
1 Press is optional. Authors can publish directly and become independent publishers. However, with the increasing standardization of online publishing management, publishers may still be an unskippable part of the publishing process.
2 The traditional publishing process is first issued after printing, and the process of online publishing is first issued
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