Printing cost calculation and regulations
Recommendations for Standardization of Printing Pricing (1) Printing pricing units and project names need to be standardized 1. Page numbers and pages Regarding these two terms, the authors published their opinions in the Journal of Printing Technology when they participated in the discussion of printing terms in the 1980s.
At present, China's printing industry and overseas publishers are increasingly in contact, and we have to build China into a printing factory in the world, and will inevitably have a lot of contact with overseas orders or inquiry lists. The translation of the English unit of measurement on the overseas order or inquiry form into Chinese means the page number. Therefore, the author proposes to define the pages defined by the two adjacent page numbers that are odd first and then even even as pages. Each page has two page numbers to avoid confusion of pages and page numbers, resulting in errors in the calculation of paper and processing costs.
2. Three printing sheets, printing sheets and the unit of calculating the base price of binding in the printing price list in the Beijing area is 3 printing sheets; for each additional printing sheet, the base price increases by 30%. The purpose of designing this algorithm is to give the fixed cost of thin books Appropriate compensation, but it is more tedious in calculation and interpretation. The author proposes to change the calculation unit of the binding base price to 1 printed sheet; the current price of 3 printed sheets can be divided by 3 as reference data.
In some places (such as Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region), the unit of valuation is the order. The binding cost of a batch of books = x yuan / ream × ream. The order number of a book = (number of printed sheets × number of copies) / 1000. So the binding cost of a batch of books can be x yuan / order × (number of printed sheets × number of copies) / 1000. It can also be = (x yuan / Order) / 1000 × number of printed sheets × number of copies. Because 1 order = 1000 printed sheets. Therefore, the binding cost of a batch of books = x yuan / printed sheets × printed sheets × volume. In the formula, x yuan / printed sheets × number of printed sheets = 1 binding cost of book.
Because the number of printed pages of a book is written on the copyright page, and in many quotation occasions, the price of a book needs to be clearly stated; therefore, the author recommends not to use the bookkeeping unit as much as possible. Of course, if we need to use the order to make the price unit, we must convert it.
Assuming that the binding fee per printed sheet is 3 points, the binding fee per order = 3 points × 1000 = 3000 copies = 30 yuan.
3. Printed sheets, folios and color orders have different requirements for printing pricing units in the current printing price list. The pricing unit for printing in the Beijing area stipulates that the pricing unit for platform printing is folio thousand printing, and the pricing unit for rotary printing is printed sheets.
The printing price list in Shanghai uniformly stipulates that the price unit for printing and printing is printed sheets; however, different basic prices are specified for double-sided monochrome printing, rotary printing and four-color single-sided printing; Unit price. In actual calculations, color orders and orders are also used as units of measurement.
So what should be the standard unit of calculation? The author recommends uniformly using color orders as the standard pricing unit for printing. The reason is that the use of this unit of measurement operation is the most simple and direct, easy to include complex specific items, easy to understand and operate, and not easy to make mistakes.
The pricing formula is: color order = number of printed sheets × number of printed sheets / 1000 × printing times. For example, a book has 2 printed sheets, and 100,000 copies are printed with 60g / m2 positive offset paper, with 2 colors printed on one side and 1 color printed on one side. The unit price of double-sided printing is 10 yuan / thousand printing, the unit price of the book version is 0.012 yuan / printed sheet, the unit price of the eight-color rotary is 12 yuan / thousand printing, and the unit price of the platform four-color machine is 20 yuan / thousand printing Printed. Calculate the printing costs in accordance with the original measurement unit and color order respectively. Then there are 1) Calculate the total price of double-sided printing according to the originally stipulated unit of measurement: 10 yuan / thousand prints × (2 printed sheets × 100,000 prints / 1000) × (2 + 1 color) = 6000 yuan total rotation of the book version = 0.012 yuan / printed sheet × 2 printed sheets × 100000 printed × (2 + 1 colors) / 2 = 3600 yuan total price of eight-color wheel = 12 yuan / off thousand printed × (2 printed sheets × 100000 printed / 1000) × (2+ 1 color) = 7200 yuan platform four-color machine total price = 20 yuan / thousand seals × (2 printed sheets × 100,000 prints / 1000) × (2 + 1 color) = 12000 yuan 2) calculate the color order of the book according to the color order Number = (2 printed sheets 100,000 printed / 1000) × (2 + 1 color) = 600 colors so that the total price of double-sided printing = 10 yuan / color order (off thousands of printed) × 600 = 6000 yuan rotating unit price of book edition = ( 0.012 yuan / printed sheet) / 2 × 1000 = 6 yuan / color order book rotation total price = 6 yuan / color order 600 color order = 3600 yuan eight-color runner total price = 12 yuan / color order (off thousand prints) × 600 color order = 7200 yuan platform four-color machine total price = 20 yuan / color order (off thousand printing) × 600 color order = 12000 yuan. From the above actual calculation process, it can be seen that the color order is the calculation unit. The printing volume of the plate rotation and the platform machine are calculated as the same data, and it is only necessary to convert the unit price of the book rotation to the data in color orders in advance, that is, Convenient operation, it is very easy to compare and choose among several models.
4. Locking thread and string thread Locking thread refers to the process of nailing the matched signatures to the book block by string. The text used in the printing standards and the printing price list in Beijing is "lock line", while the word "string line" is used in the printing price list in Shanghai. The author proposes to unify the word "lock line". The reason is that in the actual production process, the processing of the lock thread is not only to string the matched signatures one by one, but also to tie the knot after the core of a book is completed, so that the thread will not fall off. The book blocks are not scattered, and each book block can be distinguished. It can be said that the function of knotting the thread is to lock the signature, and in a strict sense, the string is only the first half of the processing process.
5. Add-on and application-plus add-on refers to the necessary loss of the printing material generated in the printing and binding process that needs to be undertaken by the customizer. The text used in the printing quality and standardization 20077.4 price list for printing in Beijing is "addition", while the word "shenshu" is used in the printing price list in Shanghai. The author proposes to unify the word "additional release". The reason is that the addition of "plus" can be intuitively understood as an increase in the number of objects in the same unit of measurement. The word "shen" can be interpreted as an extension of the same object, not an increase in number.
(2) Standardization understanding and processing of general printing pricing items 1. Standardization understanding and processing of high quality and high prices Some publishers or commissioned printing units made inferior quality and inferior prices when they settled with printing plants, but high quality did not provide superior prices. It would violate the standard.
In fact, there are the following provisions in the several explanations of the price list: "VII. Both parties should follow the provisions of Beijing Printing Industry Corporation, Beijing Yinfazi <1989> No. 5" Regulations on the implementation of high-quality products at good prices and inferior prices " "Execution", "Eight, if the printed products in the Beijing area enter the international market, export exchange, or high-end high-quality products (including foreign promotional materials), high-quality and excellent prices can be implemented." Both the publishing or commissioning unit and the printing enterprise shall implement in accordance with the provisions of this standard, rewarding and punishing the poor to promote the development of productivity.
2. Standardization of understanding and handling of transportation fees In fact, the standards of transportation fees are also clearly stipulated in the price list. For example, in the several descriptions of the printing price list in the Beijing area, there are the following provisions: "X. After the finished product is completed, the factory is responsible for sending it to no more than three designated cities (excluding remote suburban counties) locations designated by the commission printing unit. Those who need to send it to other locations shall be responsible for their own responsibility. " (The author proposes to add: if the factory is required to be shipped, the commissioned unit will pay the factory freight).
3. Standardization of understanding and handling of labor costs and materials Some intangible losses are often difficult for both parties to calculate; this is stipulated in the three and four items of several points in the printing price list in the Beijing area: "In the case of labor costs, there is no The labor-intensive materials or labor-saving products are priced according to the actual materials consumed; the commissioned unit that causes losses of materials shall be compensated to the factory according to the actual losses. " In short, seeking truth from facts, first, time-consuming and saving should be calculated, and second, it should be calculated according to the actual amount.
4. Accumulative and progressive standardization understanding and processing This has been clearly stipulated in several explanations of the printing price book in the Beijing area as follows. "11. In the tables listed in this calculation method, if there are several items that need to be added at the same time, the items in the table are calculated according to the cumulative method. However, the addition of urgent and confidential items needs to be calculated according to the progressive method." The table mentioned here should include the description, that is, if there are several items in the main table and the description that need to be added at the same time, it is calculated according to the cumulative method.
Such as a book 16 open, 3 printed sheets, offset paper, 6000 volumes, saddle stitch; calculate the binding price. Then there is a binding price = 0.035 yuan × <1 + 30% (offset paper) + 20% (generic) + 50% (short version)> × 6000 + 0.50 yuan × 18 × (1 + 20%) = 430.80 yuan.
If it is an urgent item, it shall be calculated progressively according to the provisions of the price list. If a book is 16 open, 3 printed sheets, offset paper, 6000 volumes, saddle stitched, 20% urgent, calculate the binding price. Then there is a binding price = 0.035 yuan × <1 + 30% (offset paper) + 20% (generic) + 50% (short version)> × 6000 + 0.50 yuan × 18 × (1 + 20%) × 120% = RMB 516.96.
5. The standardization of paper and material mark-up understanding and processing According to the standard of the price list, paper and materials are generally purchased by publishing or commissioned units. In addition to the price of paper and materials themselves, this part of the cost also requires freight, loading and unloading fees, Storage fees and purchasing staff salaries. Therefore, the publishing or commissioning unit entrusts the printing enterprise to purchase paper materials, which should be paid according to the above fee structure according to the standard.
As for the calculation method and data, the following descriptions in the price list have the following provisions, which can be referenced and used as the standard basis for negotiation: "9. All paper and materials that need to be replaced by the factory will be charged at the factory price plus 15%. Payment (purchased directly by paper mills in other provinces and cities, and actual shipping and miscellaneous charges may be charged) ". This part of the cost must be paid in advance, which is also stipulated in the several descriptions of the price list: "Twelve, the printing unit requires contract labor and materials, according to the printed sheet pricing, the two parties negotiate pricing. To sign the contract, and receive part in advance cost". Some publishing or commissioning units require printing companies to purchase paper without paying fees other than the paper price, and often cannot pay in advance, which violates the standards stipulated in the price list.
Dog loves Dog Playpen.Compared with Dog Cage,it has larger space and be able to form different shapes.People can use it indoor or outdoor.The Pet Playpen products including Dog Playpen,Plastic Pet Playpen, Heavy Duty Pet Playpen and Rabbit Exercise Pen.So you can find all kinds of Dog Playpen you need.
The pet dog playpen is suitable for smaller pets. It is easy to install and move, and can be used in different places. You can also bring it with you when you travel, so your pet can have a comfortable and safe environment. If you use the dog playpen product, it will make your baby more close to nature, your baby can get close to the cute rabbit, lively puppy and other pets in the outdoor, add more fun to your life. .
Dog Playpen
Dog Playpen,Heavy Duty Dog Playpen,8 Panels Dog Playpen,6 Panels Dog Playpen,Folding Dog Playpen
Huanghua Fengyi Honde Metal Factory , https://www.hd-petproducts.com