Tiangong-1 space science experiment and applied research have achieved fruitful results
[China Manned Space Engineering Network August 1, 2012] On September 29, 2011, China successfully launched the Tiangong-1 target aircraft at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. Using the experimental aircraft's experimental support capabilities, the manned aerospace engineering space application system has carried out three space science experiments and applied research. Up to now, relevant scientific experiments and applied research have achieved a series of important results.
High spatial resolution and high spectrum realize "see more clearly and divide more finely"
The hyperspectral imager jointly developed by Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences is currently the highest spatial resolution and spectral comprehensive index in China. Imaging detection of features and properties of ground features.
Compared with traditional multi-spectral remote sensing, which is limited by the number of spectral channels and spectral resolution, hyperspectral remote sensing can reflect the difference in the interaction between different surface materials and electromagnetic radiation by continuously measuring the adjacent spectral signals of ground features. Crop production, land resources survey, environmental assessment and monitoring, urban dynamic change monitoring, geological survey and other fields have huge application potential.
At the same time, compared with the currently operating satellite hyperspectral remote sensors (such as MODIS, EO-1 HYPERION, PROBA CHIRS) in the world, the hyperspectral imager on Tiangong-1 is in the band range (covering visible-shortwave red infrared Range), the number of bands, and spatial resolution and other basic imaging parameters have considerable advantages.
As of July 26, the hyperspectral imager has been in stable operation for nearly 7000 hours, and obtained a large amount of valuable remote sensing data. After preliminary processing, it has been applied to the Aviation and Remote Center of the Ministry of Land and Resources and the National Satellite Marine Application of the National Oceanic Administration. The center, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, the Institute of Remote Sensing of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Earth Observation and Digital Earth Science Center, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Research Institute, the Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute and other user units provide 2TB of data to carry out geological surveys for various users , Mineral and oil and gas resources exploration, hydrological ecological monitoring and environmental pollution monitoring and analysis provide support services.
Figure: Mineral distribution map of Beishan hyperspectral data in Gansu (Source: General Department of Space Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
Multi-sensor comprehensive detection, real-time monitoring of space environment "every move"
Another payload carried on the Tiangong-1 target aircraft, space environment monitoring and physical detection equipment, was developed by the Space Science and Application Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Its main function is to comprehensively monitor high-energy charged particle radiation and orbital atmospheric environmental parameters, which is the space environment. Prediction, research on the mechanism of changes in the space environment and the safety guarantee of target aircraft, spacecraft and astronauts provide quasi-real-time monitoring data.
The equipment consists of a total of 3 instruments including charged particle radiation detector, orbital atmospheric environment detector and space environment control unit. Among them, the charged particle radiation detector is the first instrument in the world to carry out multidirectional charged particle detection in low-Earth orbit. The detector breaks through the key technologies of multi-directional sensing, multi-sensor integration, anti-interference, etc. It provides a basis for real-time monitoring and warning of space particle radiation and the study of particle distribution and change laws, and also makes China's high-energy particle radiation detection technology To achieve leapfrog development.
The orbital atmospheric environment detector uses technologies such as multi-probe combination to monitor the atmospheric density, composition, micromass and its spatial and temporal distribution changes in real time, and also has the function of monitoring atomic oxygen and other space environmental pollution effects. These functions are for target aircrafts. And spacecraft orbit, attitude control and precise orbit implementation provide important guarantees.
Combined with the detection data, the space application system has carried out research on the correction of the predicted value of the atmospheric density model using the measured values ​​of the orbital atmospheric density and mid-term prediction of the solar and geomagnetic activity index. These research results are directly applied to the Tiangong-1 and Shenzhou-9 manned rendezvous Docking mission space environment prediction improves the accuracy of orbital atmospheric density prediction and serves high-precision orbital prediction.
Figure: Strong solar proton events observed in geosynchronous orbit in January 2012 (Source: General Department of Space Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
"Visible light diffraction" analysis of colloidal crystal structure
The scientific goal of composite colloidal crystal growth and phase change experiments is to study the crystallization and phase transition process of submicron-sized charged colloidal particle suspensions under different electric fields and temperatures under space microgravity conditions, and explore the self-assembly of colloidal crystals by gravity Impact. This is also the first time that the visible light diffraction method (Cossel line method) has been used to realize the structural analysis of colloidal crystals in space science experiments.
At present, the three experimental samples have carried out 19 experiments in total, including 12 isothermal variable pressure experiments, 6 natural crystallization experiments, and simultaneous ground experiments. Through the comparison between the world and the earth, it has been found that gravity has different effects on the crystallization experiment process.
This experiment is to expand the preparation of photonic crystals from colloidal crystals, promote the development of photonic devices, and develop its application potential in microwave communication and filtering technology. , Gaining valuable experience in long-term on-orbit scientific experiment operation control management. (Yang Ji)
Figure: Space experiment to obtain laser diffraction Coser line patterns and crystal morphology images (Source: General Department of Space Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
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