Analysis of the working principle of centrifuge used in biological science
The application of centrifuges in biological sciences is no longer a fuss. Centrifugal technology has already played an important role in biological sciences, especially in the field of biochemistry and molecular biology research. Every biochemistry and molecular biology experiment Various types of high-speed centrifuges should be installed in the laboratory and various universities. The centrifugal technology is mainly used for the separation and preparation of various biological samples. Under the high-speed rotation of the biological sample suspension, due to the huge centrifugal force, the suspended fine particles (organelles, precipitation of biological macromolecules, etc.) settle at a certain speed. Thereby, it can be separated from the solution, and the sedimentation speed depends on the mass, size and density of the particles.
Under normal circumstances, low-speed centrifugation is often expressed in rotation speed "rpm", while high-speed centrifugation is expressed in "g". When calculating the relative centrifugal force of the particles, it should be noted that the distance "r" between the centrifuge tube and the center of the rotation axis is different, that is, the position of the settled particles in the centrifuge tube is different, and the centrifugal force is also different. Therefore, when reporting ultracentrifugation conditions, always use the multiple of gravity “× g†instead of revolutions per minute “rpmâ€, because it can truly reflect the centrifugal force and dynamic changes of particles in different positions in the centrifuge tube. The centrifugal force data in the scientific literature usually refers to its average value (RCFav), which is the centrifugal force at the midpoint of the centrifuge tube.
In order to facilitate the conversion between the rotation speed and the relative centrifugal force, Dole and Cotzias used the RCF calculation formula to create a nomogram of the relationship between the rotation speed "rpm", the relative centrifugal force "RCF" and the rotation radius "r", the graphical method It is more convenient than formula calculation method (see appendix for nomogram). When converting, first take the known radius on the r scale and the known centrifuge rotation speed on the rpm scale, then draw a straight line between these two points, and the intersection point on the RCF scale in the figure is the corresponding Relative centrifugal force value. Note that if the known rotation value is on the right of the rpm scale, the value on the right of the RCF scale should be read. If the rotation value is on the left of the rpm scale, the value on the left of the RCF scale should be read.
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