Several methods of spectroscopic instruments used for qualitative analysis
Abstract: Spectral instruments are physical optical instruments that use the phenomena of light dispersion, absorption, and scattering to obtain spectra related to the material being analyzed, thereby analyzing and measuring the composition and structure of the material.
Qualitative analysis of spectroscopic instruments means that due to the different atomic structures of various elements, they can produce their own characteristic spectra under the influence of light sources. If a sample has spectral lines of several elements appearing on the photosensitive plate through the excitation spectrum, it is proved that these samples have these elements. Such analysis method is called spectroscopic qualitative analysis method.
Spectral instruments are used for qualitative analysis in the following ways:
1. Comparative Spectral Analysis Method: This method is widely used, including standard sample comparison method and iron spectrum comparison method. The standard sample comparison method is generally applicable to single qualitative analysis and limited analysis. Ferrography comparison method can not only make a single determination but also facilitate the full analysis.
2. Spectral line wavelength measurement method: Spectral analysis instruments use spectral line wavelength measurement method for qualitative analysis is to first measure the wavelength of a certain spectral line, and then look up the table to determine the existing elements, this method is rarely used in daily analysis Generally only used when compiling spectrum or doing arbitration analysis.
Generally speaking, qualitative analysis of spectral analysis instruments can analyze more than 70 elements on the periodic table, but due to the limitations of instruments and light sources, some elements such as non-metallic and halogen elements need to be determined under special conditions.
Spectral instruments can be qualitatively analyzed by a variety of samples, so the methods used for qualitative analysis of spectra are different. For metal samples that are easily conductive, the samples themselves can be used as electrodes to analyze directly with DC or AC light sources. Sometimes, in order not to damage the sample, spark and laser micro light source analysis can also be used. The organic matter is generally chemically treated and converted into a solution to be measured by the solution residue method. It can also be burned and ashed to process the sample into a uniform powder and packed in the carbon electrode hole and analyzed by a DC or AC source.
The qualitative analysis of spectroscopic instruments is characterized by simple method, fast speed, small sample size and any type of sample can be analyzed. It has relatively high sensitivity for most elements. Spectral qualitative analysis can analyze one or several specified elements in the sample, or it can fully analyze all possible elements in the sample. According to the strength of the sensitive lines, determine their approximate content in the sample. Spectral qualitative analysis can only give the rough content range of the elements present in the sample, such as a large amount, a small amount, or a trace amount. In order to get the correct content of elements, it is necessary to do quantitative quantitative analysis.
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