New technology for cancer single cell sequencing

Only by looking closely at Seurat's paintings can you identify the complexity behind the point drawing method. It uses different solid color dots in the pattern to form an image from a distance. Similarly, biologists and genetics have long sought to analyze genetic maps at the single-cell level, but technical limitations have so far prevented them from looking far away.

A new study published in the journal Nature Biotechnology on July 22 showed for the first time that a new genome sequencing method called Smart-Seq could help scientists analyze clinically relevant single cells in depth. Smart-Seq has many possible applications, including helping scientists better understand the complexity of tumor formation. This is very important because many clinically important cells exist only in small amounts and require single-cell analysis. The study was completed by a team of researchers from the American Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden, University of California, San Diego Analysis, and Illumina Inc.

Rickard Sandberg, a researcher at the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research in the United States, a team leader in the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology at Karolinska Institutet, Sweden, and a biomedical scientist, said: "Although our results are preliminary, we have demonstrated It is possible to conduct clinical, clinically relevant cell research. Cancer researchers around the world are now able to analyze these cells more systematically, allowing them to generate better diagnostic and therapeutic methods in the future.

Previous studies have shown that it is very common for a gene to produce several forms of the same protein through different cut and paste configurations of the original copy. This phenomenon is called splicing, indicating that cells from the same tissue are not as homogeneous as previously thought.

The research team has now taken the research a step further and developed a method to completely map the gene expression profile of a single cell. While showing which genes are actively expressed, it is now possible to accurately describe and study the differences in gene expression between individual cells from the same tissue.

Sandberg said: "Scientists have been waiting for such a method for a long time, but the technical limitations make it difficult to generate sufficiently sensitive and powerful methods. The new method has several applications including cancer research, which can be used in research Which cell types in individual patients form cancerous tumors. "

In this study, the scientists studied tumor cells in the blood system of patients with recurrent melanoma. Once they identified tumor cells in routine blood tests, the team used Smart-Seq to analyze their gene expression. In this way, the researchers were able to confirm that the tumor cells activated many important membrane proteins, which are believed to be responsible for their ability to escape the body's surveillance cells and spread in the blood or lymph.

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