Talking about stationery safety test
[Office Partner Information Center] Stationery is something that people often need to learn, work and live. Although the current electronic technology is more and more developed, many functions can replace the use of stationery in different situations, such as teachers. Computer PPT comes to class instead of the previous blackboard chalk teaching method, using e-mail instead of the previous pen and letter paper, etc., but stationery still occupies an important position in human activities.
China is one of the world's stationery manufacturing centers. China's stationery production capacity accounts for nearly 40% of the world's production capacity, and it continues to grow. Modern society is also getting more and more advanced, and the requirements for many products are becoming more and more strict. How to meet these more and more requirements? In most cases, I think the test method is adopted.
The testing requirements of stationery are personally considered to be divided into: performance requirements, environmental requirements and safety requirements.
Performance requirements, which may be related to the functionality of the product itself and other features that are desired at design time (such as some features that make the product more attractive and competitive), which require some specific methods to confirm, many types of involved, many industries There are clear instructions in the standard, I will not repeat it.
Environmental protection requirements, today's society, environmental protection is one of the themes, not too much use of environmentally damaging materials, etc., is also a design and production needs to consider.
Of course, it is still back to the focus of this article, security requirements.
The original stationery was rarely required for safety. After all, stationery was only used, and the safety awareness of humans in the early stage has not yet reached the existing height. With the emergence of some stationery safety incidents, stationery safety has gradually mentioned the countertop.
Stationery safety testing mainly includes physical and mechanical safety requirements, chemical hazard requirements, if there are other functions, other aspects of safety requirements, such as electrical safety requirements, radioactivity requirements, etc., need to be considered. Stationery is suitable for a wide range of people, from children to students to adults, especially students. Compared with adults, minors should be more strict in terms of product safety than adults. Therefore, this article will elaborate on some physical and mechanical safety and chemical safety from the perspective of children's use.
Physical and mechanical safety testing The requirements of domestic stationery physicality have always been non-mandatory requirements, and therefore ignored by manufacturers and users. However, in recent years, Chinese products have frequently been subject to foreign barriers and anti-dumping, and the domestic market is gradually strengthening. Requirements for safety standards for stationery products. In fact, the standards for physical security requirements for stationery have so far been relatively small.
China's mandatory general requirements for the safety of student supplies since April 1, 2008 GB 21027-2007. The standard has safety requirements for the physical properties of student supplies.
The first is "edge, cutting edge."
The edge and the tip are initially defined by the "sharp point, sharp edge" of the toy safety requirements. The national standard has clear regulations. The sharp edge and the sharp tip are respectively operated according to the test method in the toy standard. The requirements for "edge, tip" in the product are mainly to avoid the possibility of physical contact with the body/stationery. Because some of the more sharp parts produce physical stab wounds and cuts on the human body, any product may be used during use. Physical damage to the human body that causes stab wounds and cuts. Therefore, this is also a general requirement for physical and mechanical safety.
Secondly, GB 21027-2007 also refers to the safety of the upper cap of the pen, the size of the cap, the ventilation area of ​​the cap and the air flow of the cap. This is in line with the European standard BS 7272-1 (the requirements of the cap). The standard BS 7272-2) for the end of the pen is very similar to the international standard ISO/WD 11540. These safety requirements are mainly determined by the special nature of the pen and the end of the pen to prevent the risk of suffocation after entering the nostrils or throat.
There are other physical performance requirements, such as whiteness requirements. This requirement is for the brightness (whiteness) of this book (paper), mainly considering the impact on vision.
There are other safety hazards, such as the possibility that the pencil case may pinch the child's hand, the stapler, the puncher, etc., which may cause danger, which also requires our standards to be constantly improved.
Of course, as the standards continue to improve and update, more relevant physical and mechanical safety requirements will be improved step by step, and consumers will gradually use stationery products with high quality and high safety factor. Compared with physical and mechanical safety, the chemical safety of stationery is relatively perfect in terms of chemical safety of stationery. It is mainly the environmental protection requirements of different national teams and the control of chemicals and the diversification of chemical substances related to different products.
Similarly, toy chemistry is safe, and we also start from the perspective of children. Children are the most vulnerable group and the foundation of future development. The global safety requirements system for children's products is also quite perfect, and of course it is still further improved, such as the US CPSIA (Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act) and the EU on toys. The update of the directive (2009/48/EC replaces 88/378/EEC) and the ongoing escalation of toy and child product safety requirements in several countries.
Chemical safety mainly refers to the harmful effects of chemical substances on the human body (and of course environmental protection, this article does not explain).
Let's first take a look at how the chemicals in stationery can cause chemical damage to the human body.
Personally, there are mainly the following ways:
1. Direct contact with the skin (including sweat, etc.)
2. Saliva contact (including sucking, sucking, swallowing, biting, etc.)
3. Eye contact (especially liquid materials)
4. Inhalation (breathing of the mouth and nose)
Refer to GB 21027-2007, which has requirements for partial heavy metal content (锑Sb, arsenic As, barium Ba, cadmium Cd, chromium Cr, lead Pb, mercury Hg, selenium Se and other eight heavy metals), and organic solvent benzene in the modified product. The requirements of the content, the requirements of volatile benzene series (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene) in the adhesive and the requirements of free formaldehyde, as well as the requirements of formaldehyde emission in the fabric and the sensitizing carcinogenic dye in the fabric accessories. Claim.
The heavy metal test is a test of the process of simulating the digestion of the material in gastric acid. The test uses 0.07 mol/l hydrochloric acid (simulated gastric acid) at (37 ± 2) ° C (human body temperature) in the dark (stomach) extraction. The heavy metal content in the test solution is used to determine whether it is harmful to the human body.
The same test of benzene is based on the inhalation of such chemicals in the process of human breathing, causing adverse reactions in the body; formaldehyde and sensitizing carcinogenic dyes in fabric excipients cause skin damage through skin contact. Damage and so on.
Therefore, the chemical safety of stationery products needs to take into account the combination of banned substances and product use to ensure that products meet the requirements of the standard.
Stationery safety testing is still in its infancy compared to toys. We need to study and study foreign regulations and standards. Our country is also gradually strengthening relevant regulations and standards in this area (such as preparing to build chemical stationery). Safety standards, etc.), I believe that with the continuous improvement of the state and manufacturing companies and testing methods, our product quality and safety factor will also increase steadily.
Reference Information:
Some domestic and international requirements for stationery products
1. GB 21027-2007 General requirements for the safety of student supplies
2. US Requirements for Art Materials LHAMA, ASTM D4236-94 (2005)
3. Dissolvability of heavy metals in American art materials ASTM D5517-0
4. European requirements for caps and tails BS 7272-1:2008 and BS 7272-2:2008
5. International Standard ISO/WD 11540-1 and ISO/WD 11540-2
6. USP 51 and USP 61 requirements for liquid materials
7. EU toxicity assessment for liquid materials requirements TRA
8. European requirements for finger paint EN 71-7:2002
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